रिवेर्देव-संस्कृत-शब्दकोशः
RIVERDAVE’S SANSKRIT GLOSSARY
OF AYURVEDA, YOGA AND HIMALAYAN NATURAL HISTORY
Opened as a new student of Sanskrit after returning from Kathmandu, August 2017 and last updated September 2018
अ (a)
अस्मिता (asmitA) egoism
अभिरत (abhirata) contented; आभीर (abhIra) cowherd
अनादि (anAdi) without beginning, eterenal
अक्षय (akSaya) infinite, eternal, imperishable
अक्षरन्यास (akSaranyAsa) alphabet
अश्वत्थ (azvattha) sacred fig - Ficus religiosa
आचार्य (AcArya) spiritual guide or teacher
अधिभूत (adhibhUta) the spiritual or subtle substratum of material or gross objects
अजमोदा (ajamodA) celery seed - Apium graveolens
औदुम्बर (Audumbara) audumbara tree or cluster fig tree - Ficus racemosa
अशोका (aZokA) ashoka tree - Saraca indica
अवधूत (avadhUta) charismatic or inspired saint; a free spirit
अणिमन् (aNiman) superhuman power to become small, fine, atomic
अवलोकितेश्वर - (avalokitezvara) the Buddha of compassion
अरिष्ट (ariSTa) soapberry tree or nut - Sapindus laurifolia
अङ्गुलि (aGgulI) finger
अन्तःकरण (antaHkaraNa) thinking faculty
अगुरु (aguru) agarwood tree - Aquilaria malaccensis
अस्थि (asthi) bone, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) seven body tissues
अन्न (anna) food
असुर (asura) demon
अर्ह (arha) worthy
अहिंसा (ahiMsA) non-violence
अक्षोट (akSoTa) walnut tree - Juglans regia
अग्नि (agni) fire; अग्निबल (agnibala) digestive strength; जठराग्नि (jaTharAgni) digestive fire; अग्निहोत्र (agnihotra) sacred fire ceremony
अभ्यास (abhyAsa) discipline, practice
अनघ (anagha) blameless, innocent, sinless, handsome
अघोर (aghora) worshipper of Shiva and Durga
असन टोल (asan tol) the Kathmandu medicinal herb market - Nepali
अश्वगंधा (azwagandha) ashwagandha herb - Withania somnifera
अमृत (amRta) necter of immortality
अनुपान (anupAna) herbal liquid carrier
अमिताभ (amitAbha) a celestial Buddha; from अमित (amita) infinite and आभा (AbhA) light
आ (A)
आयुर्वेद (Ayurveda) knowledge of life, medicine; आयु (Ayu) life
आश्चर्य (Azcarya) wonder, miracle
आदि (Adi) source, origin
आज्य (Ajya) melted or clarified butter
अनल (anala) fire
आप (Apa) water
आराम (ArAma) delight, pleasure, garden, grove
आदान (AdAna) summer - receiving
आहार (AhAra) diet
आमलकी (AmalakI) Indian gooseberry tree - Phyllanthus emblica
आर्द्रक (Ardraka) fresh ginger root - Zingiber officinale, also as शृङ्गवेर (zRGavera) - शृङ्ग (zRGga) horn + वेर (vera) body; शुण्ठी (zuNTI) dried ginger
आयुर्वेद (Ayurveda) life science
आम (Ama) metabolic toxin, uncooked
आम्र (Amra) mango tree - Mangifera indica
आकाश (AkAza) space
आत्रेय (Atreya) Punarvasu, 6th BCE rishi and Ayurvedic scholar
आत्मन् (Atman) essential self; ; सूत्रात्मन् (sUtrAtman) the self consisting of channels; अध्यात्म (adhyAtma) supreme self; महात्मन् (mahAtman) great soul
आत्मविद्या (AtmavidyA) self knowledge
आत्मगुप्ता (AtmaguptA) Atmagupta bean or secret self - Mucuna pruriens
आत्म अनुभूति (Atma anubhUti) - experience of infinity
आश्रम (Azrama) one of four life stages: रह्मचर्य (brahmacarya) student; गृहस्थ (gRhastha) householder; वनप्रस्थ (vanaprastha) forest dweller; सन्यास(sanyAsa) renunciate
आनन्द (Ananda) bliss
इ (i)
इष्ट (iSTa) loved, desired
इडा (iDA) lunar nadi
इन्द्र (indra) Lord of the sky and atmosphere
इन्द्रिय (indriya) sense organ
ई (I)
ईश्वर (Izvara) God; ईश्वरी (IzvarI) Goddess; योगेश्वर (yogezvara) Lord of Yoga, Krishna
उ (u)
उद्धूलन (uddhUlana) Ayurvedic treatment of sprinkling with powder
उपगुरु (upaguru) teacher, as distinct from the सद्गुरु (sadguru) true guru
उलूक (ulUka) owl
उच्चार (uccAra) utterance of mantra
उपनिषद् (upaniSad) Upanishad: canon of 108 scriptures in the मुक्तिका (muktikA) canon; etymology: उप (upa) above, निषद् (niSad) sit down
उपासना (upAsanA) sitting near, intent or engaged in, concentration
उपवेद (upaveda) the four supplemental Vedas: आयुर्वेद (Ayurveda) healing arts; धनुर्वेद (dhanurveda) martial arts; स्थापत्यवेद (sthApatyaveda) geomancy; गान्धर्ववेद (gAndharvaveda) fine arts
ऊ (U)
ऊर्वङ्ग (UrvaGga) fungus
ए (e)
एला (elA) cardamon herb, seed - Elettaria cardamomum
एकः (ekaH) one; एकाग्रता (ekAgratA) one-pointed meditation
ओ (o)
ओजस् (ojas) vitality
औ (au)
औषध (auSadha) medicine, herb, mineral; औषधालय (auSadhAlaya) dispensary, apothecary
ऋ (R)
ऋतु (Rtu) season; ऋतुचर्या (Rtucarya) seasonal dietary regime
ऋषि (RSi) seer, sage; ऋषिकुल्या (RSikulyA) river of the seers
ॠ (RRii)
ॠ (RR) mother of the gods, breast
ऌ (IRi)
ऌ (IR) earth, mother of the gods, the female nature
ॡ (IRRii)
ॡ (IRR) mother, divine female
क (ka)
कृषि (kRSi) agriculture, plowing
क्षेत्र (KSetra) field, arena, body
कमलासन (kamalAsana) having a lotus as a seat
कथयति (kathayati) to speak, inform, announce, declare
किल्बिष (kilbiSa) fault, sin
कौसल (kauzala) skill, well being, health, prosperity ease
क्रिया योग (kriyA yoga) kriya yoga
कृमि (kRmi) worm, parasite
कुल (kula) lineage, community
काशि (kAzI) city of Benares or Varanasi, light
कायाकल्प (kAyakalpa) a rejuvenation practice; काय (kAya) body + कल्प (kalpa) practice, ritual; day of Brahman (i.e. 4,320, 000,000 years)
कमण्डलु (kamanDalu) gourd, water pot, canteen
कौपीन (kaupIna) loincloth
केन्द्र (kendra) center
कृति (kRti) creation
काल (kAla) era, time; काले (kAle) timely - indeclinable
कुटी (kuTI) hut, cabin
कस्तूरी (kastUrI) musk
कुट्टिमदारु (kuTTimadAru) maple tree - Acer species
कर्पूर (karpUra) camphor tree - Cinnamomum camphora
कीर्तिन (kIrtina) chanting
काक (kAka) crow
कुष्माण्ड (kuSmANDa) wintermelon
क्षय (kSaya) energy depletion; loss of शुक्र (zukra) sexual fluids
कामचारिन् (kAmacArin) indulging in sensual pleasure
काय (KAya) body
कायचिकित्सा (KAyacikitsA) internal medicine
कवल (kavala) gargle, oil pulling
कर्म (karma) action
कोष (koSa) sheath of body and mind realm of experience
क्लेश (kleza) pain, affliction, grief
कम्पवात (kampavAta) tremor wind, Parkinson’s Disease
कुम्भक (kumbhaka) breath retention
कवि (kavi) poet, काव्य (kavya) poetry
कुण्डलिनी (kuNDalinI) coiled one
क्षत्रिय (kSatriya) member of the warrior or ruling class
काहू (kAhU) lettuce plant - Lactuca sativa or virosa in western Himalayas
काष्ठमन्डप (kAStha-mandap) = wood-shelter - pagoda that was namesake of Modern Kathmandu
क्षीर (kSIra) tree latex or sap
ख (kha)
खण्ड (khaNDa) volume, section
ख (kha) cave, cavity, space, ether
खग (khaga) moving in the air, sun name, bird, wind
ग (ga)
गर्भ (garbha) foetus, egg, womb
गृह (gRha) home, house
गिर (gira) speech, utterance
गति (gati) movement or spike of the pulse; goal, path
गुड (guDa) jaggery, sugar
गुग्गुलु - (guggulu) guggulu tree & resin - Commiphora mukul or wrightii
गरिमन् (gariman) super human power to become heavy or stable
गुलिका (gulikA) medicine ball, pill
गीत (gIta) song
गृहस्थ (gRhastha) householder, the second stage or आश्रम (Azrama) of life
गङ्गा (gaGgA) Ganges River; गङ्गाजल (gaGgAjala) holy water
गुण (guNa) quality
गुरु (guru) teacher
गौरी (gauri) white, Shiva’s wife Parvati
गरम मसाला (garam masAlA - Hindi) hot mixture seasoning
गन्ध (gandha) scent, smell
गजः (gaja) elephant
घ (gha)
गन्ध (gandha) perfume, scent
घट्ट (ghatta) steps to a river, landing-place, quay
घृत (ghRta) ghee
घ्राण (ghrANa) nose, smelling
ङ (Ga)
ङ (Ga) and object of sense desire
च (ca)
चरित्र (caritra) character, conduct, behavior, exploits
चक्षु (cakSu) eye
चिन्ता (cintA) thought, concern, consideration, meditation
चेल (cela) servant, slave
चेतना (cetanA) consciousness, soul, mind
चित्त (citta) thought, memory, immagination
चिकित्सा (cikitsa) therapy or treatment
चैत्य (chaitya) temple, hall, tree or place of worship
चन्दन (candana) Indian sandalwood tree - Santalum album
चर (cara) animated, अचर (acara) inanimated; चरक (caraka) wanderer, and physican compiler of charaka samhita
चक्र (cakra) body’s energy center, wheel, riverbend
चन्द्र (candra) moon
चिदानन्द (cidAnanda) thoughtful joy
चूर्ण (cUrNa) medicinal herbal powder
च्यवनप्राश (cyavanprAz) chyawanprash - herbal restorative formula
छ (cha)
छन्दस् (chandas) sacred hymn, collection of Vedic hymns or Vedic meter in general
छाया (chAyA) shadow; chayopasana - shadow gazing practice
ज (ja)
ज्ञान (jJAna) knowledge; अज्ञान (ajJAna) ignorance
जरा (jarA) old age, decrepitude, wasting
जय (jaya) victory
जगत् (jagat) world, cosmos, universe;
जठर (jathara) abdomen
जाति (jAti) caste, class, genus
जगती (jagatI) Vedic meter of four verses with twelve syllables each
जीवनीय (jIvanIya) vitalizer, as an herbal action
ज्योति (jyoti) light
जन्म (janma) birth; पुनर्जन्म (punarjanma) rebirth, reincarnation; अज (aja) unborn
जल (jala) water
जाग्रत् - (jAgrat) waking, awakened
जिह्व (jiva) tongue, taste
झ (jha)
झलि (jhali) betel nut tree - Areca catechu; often used by wrapping in पर्ण (parNa) betel leaf - Piper betle
झिल्ली (jhillI) cricket
ञ (Ja)
ञ (Ja) heretic
ट (Ta)
टु (Tu) one who can change his shape at will
ठ (Tha)
ठ (Tha) disc of the sun or moon
ड (Da)
डाकिनी (DAkinI) female imp attending Kali
ढ (Dha)
ढक्का (DhakkA) drum
ण (Na)
ण (Na) Knowledge, Shiva, negation sound, water-summer house
त (ta)
त्याग (tyAga) abandonment, resignation, renunciation, sage
तोय (toya) water; तोयफला (toyaphalA) watermellon; तोयगर्भ (toyagarbha) coconut
तुरीय (turIya) the fourth state of pure conscious in the Advaita Vedanta tradition
तिलक (tilaka) mark on forehead
तगर (tagara) the herb Valerian root - Valeriana wallichii
तन्त्र (tantra) esoteric traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism; text, theory, system, method, instrument, technique or practice
तिल (tila) the plant sesame - Sesamum indicum; तैल (taila) oil
तपस् (tapas) discipline, asceticism
तुलसी (tulasI) the herb holy basil - Ocimum sanctum
तेजस् (tejas) fire
तत्त्व (tattva) essence, element, true nature
तत्त्वविद् (tattvavid) - philosopher, one who studies the elements
तथागत (tathAgata) the Buddha
तीर्थ (tIrtha) sacred place, ford, bank next to sacred stream, vulva
तमस् (tamas) darkness
त्रिफला (triphalA) herbal digestive formula of three tree fruits आमलकी (AmalakI) Phyllanthus emblica; विभितक (bibhitaki) Terminalia belerica; हरीतकी (harItakI) Terminalia chebula
त्राटक (trATaka) concentration on one object
तीक्ष्ण (tIkSNa) a guna or quality that is sharp, penetrating, pungent, acrid, aromatic
थ (tha)
थ (tha) mountain
थान्का (thanka) thanka - Neplali, Tibetan painting of deity or mandala
द (da)
दृष्टि (dRSTi) seeing; समदृष्टि (samadRSTi) looking on all with impartiality
देहभृत् (dehabhRt) embodied
दार (dAra) wife
दोष (doSa) fault, deficiency, weak point, blemish, humoral imbalance
दमनक (damanaka) the herb mugwort - Artemisia indica?
दानव (dAnava) demons
दम (dama) self restraint
दान (dAna) charity
दत्तात्रेय (dattatreya) Dattatreya - the adi-guru of the Nath yoga tradition, and considered an avatar
द्विजा (dvIjA) twice born
दिगम्बर (digambara) sky-clothed, naked mendicant
द्वार (dvAra) door, opening; नवद्वार (navadvAra) nine gated, nine apertures of the body
दुःख (duHkha) suffering, sorrow, distress; opposite of सुख (sukha) happiness; दुः means clogged & सु means open or clear
द्राव्य (dravya) substance, cognate of english drug; द्रव्यगुण (dravyaguNa) pharmacology
दारुसिता (dArusitA) cinnamon tree - Cinnamomum verum, or cassia, or tamale
दण्ड (danDa) stick, cane
देवदारु (devadAru) Himalayan Cedar tree - Cedrus deodara
दिनचर्या (dinacarya) daily routine
देव (deva) god; देवता (devatA) and (देवी) goddess; अधिदैव (adhidhaiva) supreme god
देवनागरी (devanAgarI) divine city script
दीपक - (dIpaka) lamp
दीपन (dIpan) digestive stimulant
दीक्षा (dIkSA) initiation
दही (dahI) yogurt, curds - Hindi
देह (deha) body, mass, form; देह-मानस (deha-mAnasa) body-mind or psychosomatic
ध (dha)
धनुर्धर (dhanurdhara) archer; धनु (dhanu) bow
धाम (dhama) abode
धौति (dhauti) loin cloth worn by men
धातु (dhAtu) constituent, element, tissue
ध्रुव (dhruva) polar star
धर्म (dharma) duty, law, custom, practice, nature; धर्मता (dharmata) essence;
धन्वन्तरि (dhanvantari) the one who received Ayurveda from Indra
ध्यान (dhyAna) meditation
न (na)
निर्मम (nirmama) unselfish
नामन् (nAman) name
नर (nara) man
नस्या (nasyA) nose; नसिकाग्र (nasikAgra) tip of the nose
निर्विकल्प (nirvikalpa) without distinction, nondual
निराकार (nIrAkAra) formless
निवृत्ति (nivRtti) cessation, as opposed to प्रवृत्ति (pravRtti) action, as a मार्ग (marga) path; अप्रवृत्ति (apravRitti) inertia, inaction, constipation
नायिका (nAyikA) female tantrik partner; नायक (nAyaka) male tantrik partner
निर्गुण्डी (nirguNDI) herb Vitex negundo
नेत्र (netra) eye
नाथ (nAtha) lord, master, a tradition, the natha sector sampradaAya
निद्रा (nidrA) sleep
निर्वाण (nirvANa) final liberation, cessation; ब्रह्मनिर्वाण (brahmanirvANa) absorption into Brahma
नेती (netI) drawing string or water through nostril
नाग (nAga) cobra, snake
नाद (nAda) sound
नाभि (nAbhi) navel
नायिका (nAyikA) tantrik consort
नरक (naraka) hell
नारायण (nArAyaNa) Name of Krishna; Vishnu; a medicinal churna
नम्र (namrA) willow tree - Salix species; bowed, humble, inclined - Hindi
नद (nada) river
नदी (nadI) creek, pulse
नाडी (nADI) subtle energy channel
नान्द (nAnda) joy
नियम (niyama) precept, rule
निरोध (nirodha) restraint of वृत्ति (vRtti) fluctuations
नटराजासन (naTarAjAsana) Lord of the Dance pose
नेवार (newAr) - historic residents of Kathmandu Valley
प (pa)
प्रलय (pralaya) dissolution, cessation, armageddon
प्रवृद्धि (pravRddhi) growth, increase, rise, dominance; विवृद्धि (vivRddhi) growth, increase, rise, dominance
प्रमाद (pramAda) negligence
प्रकाश (prakAza) open, shining, manifest; अप्रकाश (aprakAza) hidden, unenlightening, dark
प्रिय (priya) beloved, dear
प्रसाद (prasAda) mercy, grace, free gift
प्रभा (prabhA) splendor, radiance, light variously personified
प्रावृष् (prAvRS) rains, monsoon
पत्त्र (patra) leaf of tree, wing of bird, paper; गुह्यपत्त्र (guhyapattra) having hidden leaves or blossoms - Bodhi tree - Ficus religiosa
परीक्षा (parIkSa) physical examination
प्रसाद (prasAda) food ritually offered to a deity that is usually then eaten
पूर्ण (pUrna) state of completeness, whole
परिक्रम (parikrama) circumambulation
पञ्चवटी (paJcavaTi) Rama’s grove of five sacred trees - banyan, bael, amalaki, ashoka and peepal
पण्ठन् (paNThan) path
प्रयाग (prayAga) place of sacrifice
पादुक (Paduka) sandal; पादुकाहीनम् (pAdukAhInam) barefoot
पनस (panasa) jackfruit tree - Artocarpus heterophyllus
प्रसन्न (prasanna) happy, clear
पतञ्जलि (pataJjali) Patanjali - author of the Yoga Sutras
पीलु (pIlu) atom
पायु (pAyu) anus
उपस्थ (upastha) penis, पायूपस्थ (PAyupastha) anus and organs of generation
पाणि (pAni) hand
पुदीना (pudInA) peppermint or mint plant - Mentha balsamea
परम (parama) highest, absolute; परमात्मन् (paramAtman) the Great Spirit
परार्थना (prArthanA) prayer, petition
प्रार्थनाचक्रम् (prArthanAcakram) prayer wheel
प्रणव (praNava) sacred Om sound or symbol
पूष (pUS) to nourish
प्राकृत (prAkRita) vulgar, vernacular, common
पुरुष (puruSa) transcendental self, a person - English cognate
पूजा (pUjA) veneration; from combining first two letters of पूर्ण (pUrNa) जाग्रत् (jAgrat) - complete awakening
पद्म (padma) sacred lotus plant - Nelumbo nucifera
पशुपति (pazupati) lord of the animals, पशु (paZu) Lord Shiva, पति (pati) animals
पर्ण (parNa) leaf
पुष्प (puSpa) flower
प्रकृति (prakRti) nature, constitution, equilibrium
पद्मक (padmaka) Himalayan wild cherry tree - Prunus cerasoides
पारम्पर (pArampara) tradition, lineage
पाप (pApa) evil deed, as opposed to punya - merit
पुण्य (punya) meritorious act, merit, virtue
प्राञ्जलि (prAJjali) outstretched hollowed open hands
पिङ्गल (piGgala) solar nadi
पाद (pAda) chapter, one line of a four lined verse; foot
प्रातिभ (praAtibha) divination siddhi, intuition
पदाधीरासन (padAdhIrAsana) swara balancing pose
पूरक (pUraka) inhalation
प्रयाग (prayAga) place of sacrifice, river confluence
पक्ष (pakSa) fortnight
पूर्णिमा (pUrnima) day or night of full moon
प्राज्ञा - (prAja) intelligence
प्रेमन् (preman) affection, love
पृथिवी - (pRthivI) earth
पूर्ण - (pUrNa) full, पूर्णकाम (pUrNakAma) - desire filled, satisfied
पितृ (pitR) father
पिङ्गल (piGgala) solar nadi
प्रत्याहार (pratyAhAra) withdrawal, sense deprivation
प्राण (prANa) energy, breath, life force; प्राणायाम (prANAyAma) breath expansion; आयाम (AyAma) expansion; प्राणाचार्य (prANAcArya) physician to the king
प्राणापान (prANApAna) inhalation and exhalation, inspiration and expiration
प्रभाव - (prabhAva) the peculiar affinity of a medicinal herb
फ (pha)
फल (phala) fruit
फाणित (phANita) syrup
ब (ba)
बन्धु (bandhu) relative, kin
ब्रह्मपुत्र (brahmaputra) - Brahmaputra River
बद्री (badri) badri, jujube or Indian date tree - Ziziphus jujuba
बृंहण (brimhana) tonifying, building
बुद्ध (buddha) the Buddha; awakened, enlightened
बुद्धियोग - buddhiyoga - yoga of intuition or higher intellect
बोधि (bodhi) sacred fig tree - Ficus religiosa; wise; अश्वत्थ (aSvattha) “horse stays” tree”; पिप्पल (pippala) sacred fig tree
बल - (bala) strength; herb - Sida cordifolia
ब्रह्म (brahma) supreme Spirit
ब्राह्मण (brAhmana) top class in Hindu society
ब्रह्मचर्य (brahmacarya) student, the second stage or आश्रम (Azrama) of life
बृहदम्ल (BRihadamla) starfruit tree - Averrhoa carambola
भ (bha)
भजन (bhajana) worship, sharing
भ्रू (bhrU) eyebrow
भेद (bheda) rift, split, distinction, dualism
भिक्षा (bhikSA) alms; भिक्षुक (bhikSuka) begger; Persian بخشش
भृङ्गराज (bhRGgarAja) bhringaraj herb - Eclipta alba
भस्मन् (bhasman) ashes
भैषज्यगुरु (bhaiSajyaguru) medicine guru/Buddha
भक्ति (bhakti) devotion, भक्त (bhakta) devotee
भङ्गा (bhaGgA) herb - Cannabis sativa
भूम्यामलकी (bhUmyAmalakI) herb stonebreaker - Phyllanthus amarus,
भूर्ज (bhUrja) birch tree - Betula species
भगवद् (bhagavad) divine, holy, blessed
भगवद्गीता (bhagavadgItA) kRSHa’s song, Bhagavad-gita
भाषा (bhASA) language
भूमि (bhUmi) earth
भाव (bhAva) state, condition, being, rank; अन्तर्भाव (antarbhAva) inner state, stage; Tibetan bardo; भावान्तराभाव (bhAvAntarAbhAva) the Tibetanbecoming bardo
म (ma)
मुहूर्त - (muhUrta) period of time lasting 48 minutes
मति (mati) thought, intuition
माया (mAyA) illusion
मूढ (mUDha) foolish, deluded
मोह (moha) delusion, loss of consciousness, confusion
मकर (makara) crocodile
महाराज (mahArAja) emperor
मेयः (meyaH) measure
मुक्ति (mukti) freedom, liberation
मल (mala) bodily waste; tri-malas: पुरीष (purISa) feces; मूत्र (mUtra) urine; स्वेद (sveda) sweat
मुनि (muni) sage; मौन (mauna) silence
मूर्ति (mUrti) a solid form or representation of a deity or its energy as statue or painting
महिमन् (mahiman) super human power to become large, great
माञ्जिष्ठ (mAJjiSTha) herb Indian madder - Rubia cordifolia
मण्डल (maNDala) cosmic or energetic map of the universe
मार्ग (marga) path of any kind; the two marga or paths of: प्रवृत्ति (pravRtti) outer action & निवृत्ति (nivRtti) inner contemplation
मेथिका (methikA) herb fenugreek - Trigonella foenum
मयूर (mayUra) peacock
मृग (mRga) deer; मार्ग (mArga) adj. - coming from a deer; a path; मार्गिन् mArgin) guide
मण्डूकपर्णी (maNDUkaparni) herb Gotu kola - Centella asiatica; frog-leafed
मेघ (megha) cloud; मेघालय (meghalya) abode of the clouds - forested state in N.E. India
मीर (mIra) ocean
महामेरु (mahAmeru) great Mt. Meru, 350,000 miles high
मेरुदण्ड (merudaNDa) spinal column, axis mundi
महेश्वर (mahezvara) Shiva
मुद्रा (mudrA) sign
मन्त्र (mantra) incantation
माला (mAlA) rosary, garland
मनस् (manas) mind
मनोरथ (manoratha) wish, desire; chariot of the mind - रथ (ratha) chariot
मङ्गल (maGgala) auspicious, bliss, luck, prosperity, amulet
मञ्जुश्री (maJjuzrI) one of four main Mahayana Bodhisattvas
मानव (mAnava) human being
मानुष्य (mAnuSya) human being, man
मैथुन (maithuna) sexual intercourse, coupling, mating
मुद्ग (mudga) mung dal lentil - Vigna radiata
महाभारतश्रृंखला (mahAbhAratazRGkhalA) Mahabharat or Lesser Himalaya Mountains
मरिच (marica) black pepper herb - Piper nigram
मांस (mamsa) muscle, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) seven body tissues
मेदस् (medas) fat, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) seven body tissues
मज्जा (majja) marrow, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) seven body tissues
मर्मन् (marman) vulnerable energetic point on the body
मातृ (mAtR) mother
य (ya)
यन्त्र (yantra) machine, support, amulet, mystical diagram
योनि (yoni) vagina, womb
यज्ञ (yajJa) sacrifice; अधियज्ञ (adhiyajJa) chief or basis of sacrifice
यतिन् (yatin) ascetic, devotee
योग (yoga) yoga; योगवाही (yogavAhi) herbal carrier or menstruum
यवागू (yavAgU) gruel of rice or other grains
यात्रा (yAtrA) journey, pilgrimage, महायात्रा (mahayAtrA) great pilgrimage, यात्रिक (yAtrika) pilgrim, सिद्धियात्रिक (siddhiyAtrika) pilgrim seeking special beatitude
र (ra)
राज (rAja) king
रूक्ष (rUkSa) astringent
रोग (roga) sickness; आरोग्य (Arogya) freedom from disease; health
राग (rAga) passion, longing, love, affection, condiment, inflamation, musical note, moon; melodic formula of classical Indian music: वैराग्य (vairAgya) dispassion
रजस् (rajas) passion, the active guna; pollen, sperm
रहस्य (rahasya) secret; hidden mystical doctrine or practice
रेचक (recka) purgation, treatment for excess pitta in intesti
रूप (rUpa) shape, form, likeness
रवि (ravi) sun, mountain
रति (rati) love
रेचक (recaka) exhalation
रस (rasa) plasma, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) body tissues; रसायन (rasAyana) restorative herb or action; रसात्मक (rasAtmaka) one whose essence is juice
रक्त (rakta) blood, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) body tissues
ल (la)
लिङ्ग (liGga) representation of Shiva; phallus
लङ्गन (laGghana) reducing or detoxifying
लोक (loka) place, world, realm, community, space, region; लोकसङ्ग्रह (lokasaGraha) maintaining the welfare of place
लघिमन् (laghiman) superhuman power to become light and levitate
लवण (lavaNa) salt
लोभ (lobha) greed, desire, love
लवङ्ग (lavaGga) clove tree and fruit
लक्ष्मी (lakSmI) goddess of wealth
व (va)
व्यास (vyAsa) legendary sage, father of PAnDu, grandfather of Arjuna and compiler of the Vedas, Mahabharata and Bhagavad Gita
वाणिज्या (vANijyA) commerce, trade; वणिज (vaNija) trader, merchant, evolved into Portuguese “banyan”
व्याघ्र (vyAghra) tiger
वृत्ति (vRtti) activity, fluctuations
व्याधि (vyAdhi) disease, illness, disorder
वक्त्र (vaktra) face, mouth
वर्ण (varNa) color, caste, class, species
व्यय (vyaya) dissolution, passing away, decay; अव्यय (avyaya) eternal, imperishable
वज्र (vajra) thunderbolt, diamond; वज्रासन (vajrAsana) the diamond seated meditation pose
वर्ष (varSa) rain
वैराग्य (vairagya) aversion to worldly matters and affairs
वस्ति (vasti) pronounced “basti”; enema, treatment for excess vata in the colon
वामिन् (vAmin) vomiting, treatment for excess kapha
वीणा (vINA) lute
वेदाङ्ग (vedAGga) one of the six auxilliary Vedic sciences - phonetics, meter, grammar, etymology, ritual, astrology
विमान (vimAna) sky chariot
विश्वनाथ (vizvanAth) Lord of the universe
वासक (vAsaka) Malabar Nut herb - Justicia adhatoda
विद्यार्थि (vidyArthi) student, seeker of knowledge
विकृति (vikRti) imbalance, deficiency or excess, which moves towards प्रकृति (prakRti) equilibrium, balance, constitution
विकार (vikAra) disorder, illness, disease, disequilibrium
विपश्यन (vipashyana) clear seeing, as in second stage of meditation after शमथ (zamatha)
वट (vaTa) Banyan tree - Ficus benghalensis
विरेचन (virecana) laxative
विहार (vihAr) recreation, diversion, pastime
वाच् (vAc) voice, speech
विभीदक (vibhIdaka) also विभितक, विभीतक beleric, Terminalia bellirica
वेद (veda) knowledge; वेदान्त (vedanta) complete knowledge or the end of the Vedas and one of six orthodox schools of Hinduism
वेदाङ्ग (vedaGga) limb of Vedas: ज्योतिष (jyotiS) astrology; कल्प (kalpa) ritual; शिक्षा (zikSa) pronunciation; व्याकरण (vyAkaraNa) grammer; निरुक्त (nirukta) etymology; छन्दस् (chandas) meter
वाजीकरण (vAjIkaraNa) aphrodisiac
व्यवाय (vayavAya) sexual intercourse
व्यवायवायिन् (vyavAyavAyin) aphrodisiac, lascivious
वनफल (vanaphala) wild fruit, fruit of the forest
विकृति (vikRti) changed condition, vitiated nature
वनप्रस्थ (vanaprastha) forest dweller, third stage or आश्रम (Azrama) of life
वासना (vAsanA) impression remaining unconsciously in the mind
वायु (vAyu) wind, पवन (pawana) wind
विचार (vicAra) analysis, examination
विषुवत् (viSuvat) equinox (middle)
वाजीकरण (vAjIkarana) potency causing, aphrodisiac
वैश्य (vaizya) person of second or working class
वैराग्य (vairAgya) unattachment
वर्णमाला (varNamAla) alphabet
विभू (vibhU) universal mind, omniscient; विभूति (vibhUti) - manifestations of might
विपाक (vipAka) post-digestive effect of a medicinal herb
श (za)
शरण (zaraNa) refuge, protection
शात्रव (zatrava) enemy
शश (zaza) rabbit, moon
शत (zata) one hundred
शल्लकी (zallakI) herbal frankincense resin - Boswellia serrata
समत्व (samatva) equinimity; शम (zama) equinimity
स्वर्ग (svarga) heaven
सती (satI) good and faithful wife - burning herself on husband’s funeral pyre
सङ्का (zaGkA) fear, strife apprehension
शिष्य (ziSya) disciple
शिखा (zikhA) crest or lock of hair
शुभं जन्मदिनम् (zubha janmadinam) happy birthday!
शतावरी (zatAvarI) plant: Shatavari - Asparagus racemosus
शमथ (zamatha) tranquility, calm abiding as first stage of meditation
शालि (zAli) rice; रक्तशालि (raktazAli) red rice
श्रोत्र (zotra) ear, hearing
शुण्ठी (zuNTI) dried ginger
श्येन (zyena) a hawk, falcon, eagle, any bird of prey, especially the eagle that brings soma to humans
शम्भलः (zambhalah) mythical kingdom in Tibetan Buddhist tradition
शिवालिक (zivAlik) tresses of Shiva - sub-Himalayan mountain range
शङ्ख (znGkha) conch
श्रमण (zramaNa) ascetic
शब्द (zabda) sound, voice
श्रद्धा (zraddhA) faith, belief
शक्ति (zakti) energy
शण्ड (zaNDa) thick sour milk, curds
शम्भु (zambhu) beneficent ( another name for Shiva - शिव )
शान्ति (zAnti) peace
शप (zava) corpse
शास्त्र (zAstra) teaching, treatise, sacred book, scripture
शिवाविद्या (zivAvidha) divination by the cries of jackals
शुभ (zubha) auspicious अशुभ (azubha) inauspicious
शून्य (zUnya) emptiness, zero
शूद्र (zUdra) person of the lowest cast
शब्दकोश (zabdakoza) dictionary, from zabda koza, a word treasury
शब्दावलि (zabdAvali) glossary, from zabda avali, a word series
शिरोधरा (zirodharA) - Ayurvedic treatment of oil drip on forehead
शुक्र (zukra) sexual fluids, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) body tissues
श्लोक (shloka) verse
ष
षण्ड (SaNDa) wood, group of trees or plants
स (Sa)
साक्षिन् (sAkSin) witness
स्पृहा (spRha) desire, envy, coveting, aspiration
स्नान (snAna) ritual bathing, ablution; स्नानतीर्थ - (snAnatIrtha) sacred bathing place
साख्य (sAkhya) friendship
सहस्र (sahasra) one thousand
स्रोत्या (srotyA) river
सहज (sahaja) natural, inborn, congenital; सहजज्ञान (sahajajJAna) instinct; सहज-बुद्धि (sahaja-buddhi) instinct
सर्प (sarpa) serpent
साधु (sadhu) virtuous, righteous, holy person
स्नान (snAna) bathing, cleansing, ablution
सुहृद (suhRda) friend, companion
स्तोत्र (stotra) hymn of praise
सङ्ग (saGga) attachment, union, joining, group
संवाद (saMvAd) dialogue, as a way of teaching among the sages and between Arjuna and Krishna
स्वाहा (svAhA) wife of Agni or Shiva, said to her or other deities when making offerings; blessings, so be it, Amen!
शिलाजित् (zilAjit) medicinal mineral bitumen
सौन्दर्यलहरी (saundaryalaharI) The Beautiful Wave - Tantrik text by Adi Shankara and Pushpadanta
सिन्धुनद (sindhunada) Indus River
साक्षात्कार (sAkSAtkAra) self realization
स्वागतम् (svAgatam) welcome!
सुभाष (subhAS) eloquent; सु (su) good + भाषा (bhASA) speech
स्पन्द (spanda) vibration
साङ्ख्य (saGkhiya) Sankya philosophical system that Yoga and Ayurveda are based on
स्थिर (sthira) steadiness
सम (sama) equal, balanced - sama dosha, sama dhatu, sama agni; अशम (asama) unequal, disquietude
सनातन (sanAtana) eternal, primordial; सनातन धर्म (sanAtana dharma) Vedic religion
स्नेहन (snehana) unction
सर्षप (sarSapa) mustard plant & seed - Brassica species
सात्म्य (sAtmya) wholesomeness, agreeable to nature or constitution - from Carak
स्थलजा (sthalajA) licorice plant root - Glycyrrhiza glabra
सैन्धव (saindhava) rock salt; रक्त सैन्धव(rakta saindhava) - red rock salt
सूत्र (sutra) aphorism, verse, thread
सत्य (satya) truth, सत्यकाम (truth loving)
सम्प्रदाय (sampradaAya) lineage, tradition, sect
सूक्ष्म (sUkSma) subtle, सूक्ष्म शरीर (sUkSma zarIrA) subtle or energy body
सोहम (soham) that I am; the sound of breath inhalation and exhalation
सोम (soma) soma plant, nectar, moon, सोमरस (somarasa) juice of soma plant
सिंह - (siMha) lion
स्थितप्रज्ञ (sthitaprajJa) steadiness of mind; स्थित (sthita) being; प्रज्ञ (prajJa) knowing
सागवान (sAgawAn) teak tree - Tectona grandis - Nepali
सङ्क्रान्ति (saGkrAti) transference of consciousness at death; Tibetan phowa
स्पर्श (sparza) touch
स्तूप (stUpa) summit, crest, Buddhist monument
सुश्रुत (suzruta) Sushruta 6th century BC physician, compiler of the Sushruta Samhita with focus on surgery
सागर (sAgara) ocean; सागर-मथ्था (sAgar-matthA) ocean-mother, Mt. Everest in Nepali language; `मृत्युसंसारसागरात् (mRtyusaMsArasAgarAt) death ocean of transmigration
स्वस्थता (svasthatA) health
स्वस्थ (svastha) healthy, sound, well; स्व (sva) self + स्थ (stha) place
स्वस्तक (svastaka) having a good or healthy home
स्वस्थवृत्त (svasthAvRtta) medical treatment of a healthy person
सर्व (sarva) whole, universal, complete; सर्वभूत (sarvabhUta) all beings
सर्वे मड्गलं (sarva maGgala) may all be prosperous, well, auspicious
सूत्रस्थान (sUtrasthAna) first general section
सन्यास(sanyAsa) renunciate, the fourth stage or आश्रम (Azrama) of life
सार (sAra) essence, extract, path, creek
सङ्कल्प (saGkalpa) intention
सत्त्व (sattva) goodness, harmonious guna; mind
सन्धि (sandhi) irregular pranas flow into sushumna, agreement
सद्गुरु (sadguru) true guru
सुषुम्णा (suSumnA) central nadi
समता (samatA) equinimity
स्वरोदय (swarodaya) स्वर (swara-sound) & उदय (udaya-production)
संहिता (saMhitA) collection of verses or texts
सेवा (seva) practice, service, homage, worship, indulgence, service
संस्कृत (saMskRta) Sanskrit lanuguage
स्व (sva) self, स्वाध्याय (svAdhyaya) self study, स्वभाव (svabhAva), nature, spontaneity, impulse; स्वधर्म (svadharma) personal duty; स्वतन्त्र (svatantra) independence
स्वामी (svAmI) master, owner, lord
संस्कार (saMskAra) mental impression
संसार (saMsAra) transmigration
सिन्दूर (sindUra) oak, सिन्दूरवृक्षः (sindUravRkSa) oak tree
सरल (sarala) pine tree, resin - Pinus species
सत्सङ्ग (satsaGga) community of truth
सिद्ध (siddha) an adept in magic; सिद्धि (siddhi) an attainment; सिद्धासन (siddhAsana) a meditation posture
संसिद्धि (saMsiddhi) perfection, success, beatitude
सूर्यनमस्कार (sUryanamaskAr) sun salutation
स्मृति (smRti) memory
स्निग्ध (snigdha) guna - unctuous, soft, demulcent, oily
ह (ha)
हृष्यते (hRSyate) to rejoice
हेतु (hetu) primary cause, motive, impulse
हरि (hari) an epithet of Krishna and Vishnu
हेमन्त (hemanta) winter season - releasing
हरीतकी (harItakI) yellow myrobalan - Terminalia chebula
हिङ्गु (hiGgu) Asafoetida plant and resin- Ferula assa-foetida
हिम तेन्दुआ (hima tenduA) snow leopard
ह (ha) moon
हिममानव (himamAnava) yeti, snowman
हंस (haMsa) goose, swan, flamingo
हरिद्रा (haridrA) Turmeric plant & root - Curcuma longa
हृदय (hRdaya) heart, soul, essence
हठयोग (haThayoga) hatha or forced yoga,
हठयोगप्रदीपिका (haThayogapradIpikA) title of classical yoga text, प्रदीप्ति (pradIpti) illumination, light
हरिवंश (harivaMza) addendum to the Mahabharata
Vowels[edit]
|
अ |
आ |
इ |
ई |
उ |
ऊ |
ए |
ऐ |
ओ |
औ |
|
a |
A |
i |
I |
u |
U |
e |
ai |
o |
au |
Sonorants[edit]
Anusvāra and visarga[edit]
Consonants[edit]
|
क |
ख |
ग |
घ |
ङ |
Gutteral |
|
k |
kh |
g |
gh |
G |
|
|
च |
छ |
ज |
झ |
ञ |
Soft Palatal |
|
c |
ch |
j |
jh |
J |
|
|
ट |
ठ |
ड |
ढ |
ण |
Hard Palatal |
|
T |
Th |
D |
Dh |
N |
|
|
त |
थ |
द |
ध |
न |
Dental |
|
t |
th |
d |
dh |
n |
|
|
प |
फ |
ब |
भ |
म |
Labial |
|
p |
ph |
b |
bh |
m |
|
|
य |
र |
ल |
व |
|
Semi-vowel |
|
y |
r |
l |
v |
|
|
|
श |
ष |
स |
ह |
|
Fricative |
|
z |
S |
s |
h |
|
|
Harvard-Kyoto system[edit]
The Harvard-Kyoto Convention[1] is a system for transliterating Sanskrit and other languages that use the Devanāgarī script into ASCII.[citation needed] It is predominantly used informally in e-mail, and for electronic texts.[citation needed]
Prior to the Unicode era, the following Harvard-Kyoto scheme[2] was developed for putting a fairly large amount of Sanskrit textual material into machine readable format without the use of diacritics as used in IAST. Instead of diacritics it uses upper case letters. Since it employs both upper and lower case letters in its scheme, proper nouns' first letter capitalization format cannot be followed. Because it is without diacritics, it enables one to input texts with a minimum motion of the fingers on the keyboard. For the consonants, the differences to learn are: compared to IAST, all letters with an underdot are typed as the same letter capitalized; guttural and palatal nasals (ṅ, ñ) as the corresponding upper case voiced plosives (G, J); IAST ḷ, ḻ, ḻh are quite rare; the only transliteration that needs to be remembered is z for ś. The vowels table, the significant difference is for the sonorants and Anusvāra, visarga are capitalized instead of their diacritics. Finally, it is fairly readable with practice.
