रिवेर्देव-संस्कृत-शब्दकोशः
RIVERDAVE’S SANSKRIT GLOSSARY
OF AYURVEDA, YOGA AND HIMALAYAN NATURAL HISTORY
Opened as a new student of Sanskrit in Kathmandu, June 2017 and last updated May 2020
अ (a)
अवगाहन (avagAhana) immersion, herbal bath treatment
अश्वमेध (azvamedha) Vedic horse sacrifice
अधिष्ठान (adhiSTAna) place; स्वधिष्ठान (svadhiSTAna) 2nd chakra, one's own place
अरण्य (araNya) forest; आरण्य (AraNya) wild; अरण्यवासिन् (araNyaVAsin) forest dweller, hermit
अर्थ (artha) wealth
अष्टमङ्गल (aSTamaGgala) the eight auspicious symbols
औघ (augha) stream, flow, lineage; दिव्यौघ (divyaugha) divine guru, shiva
अमरवारुणी (amaravAruNI) wine of immortality; अमर (amara) immortal + वारुणी (vAruNI) wine
आर्तव (Artava) female reproductive tissue, menstruation, menses
अवस्था (avasthA) state or condition
अनुग्रह (anugraha) grace, favor
अम्बा (ambA) mother
अनुसन्धान (anusandhAna) inquiry, search; name of second kriya - चक्र अनुसन्धान (cakra anusandhAna) searching for the chakras
अनाहत (anAhata) unstruck sound, heart chakra
आधार (AdhAra) place, base, platform, lower region, substratum
अम्लिका (amlikA) tamarind tree - tamarindus indica; تمر هندي ; महाम्ल (mahAmla) tamarind fruit
अस्मिता (asmitA) egoism
अभिरत (abhirata) contented; आभीर (abhIra) cowherd
अनादि (anAdi) without beginning, eternal
अक्षय (akSaya) infinite, eternal, imperishable
अक्षरन्यास (akSaranyAsa) alphabet
अनल (anala) fire
अश्वत्थ (azvattha) sacred fig - Ficus religiosa, “horse stays” tree
आचार्य (AcArya) spiritual guide or teacher
अधिभूत (adhibhUta) the spiritual or subtle substratum of material or gross objects
अजमोदा (ajamodA) celery seed - Apium graveolens
औदुम्बर (Audumbara) audumbara tree or cluster fig tree - Ficus racemosa
अशोका (aZokA) ashoka tree - Saraca indica
अवधूत (avadhUta) charismatic or inspired saint; a free spirit; ascetic who has renounced all worldly attachments
अणिमन् (aNiman) superhuman power to become small, fine, atomic
अवलोकितेश्वर - (avalokitezvara) the Buddha of compassion
अरिष्ट (ariSTa) soapberry tree or nut - Sapindus laurifolia
अङ्गुलि (aGgulI) finger; अङ्गुल (aGgula) finger’s breadth
अन्तःकरण (antaHkaraNa) thinking faculty
अगुरु (aguru) agarwood tree - Aquilaria malaccensis
अस्थि (asthi) bone, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) seven body tissues
अन्न (anna) food
असुर (asura) demon
अर्ह (arha) worthy
अहिंसा (ahiMsA) non-violence
अक्षोट (akSoTa) walnut tree - Juglans regia
अग्नि (agni) fire; अग्निबल (agnibala) digestive strength; जठराग्नि (jaTharAgni) digestive fire; अग्निहोत्र (agnihotra) sacred fire ceremony
अग्निमान्द्य (agnimAndya) slow digestion; मान्द्य (mAndya) slowness, weakness, laziness
अभ्यास (abhyAsa) discipline, practice
अनघ (anagha) blameless, innocent, sinless, handsome
अघोर (aghora) worshipper of Shiva and Durga
असन टोल (asan tol) Nepali - the Kathmandu medicinal herb market
अश्वगंधा (azwagandha) ashwagandha herb - Withania somnifera
अमृत (amRta) necter of immortality
अनुपान (anupAna) herbal liquid carrier
अमिताभ (amitAbha) a celestial Buddha; from अमित (amita) infinite and आभा (AbhA) light
आ (A)
आगामि AgAmi - future karma created in our present life
आचार (AcAra) stage, guideline, rule
आसव (Asava) nectar, wine
आश्वत्थ (Azvattha) Bodhi tree - Ficus religiosa; cosmic tree; अश्व (azva) horse + स्थ (stha) place
आराधन (ArAdhana) adoration, homage
आरोहण (ArohaNa) ascending psychic passage in the front of the body; अवरोहण (avarohaNa) descending psychic passage in the back of the body
आप्त (Apta) friend, trusted person
आयुर्वेद (Ayurveda) knowledge of life, medicine; आयु (Ayu) life
आश्चर्य (Azcarya) wonder, miracle
आदि (Adi) source, origin
आज्य (Ajya) melted or clarified butter
आप (Apa) water
आराम (ArAma) delight, pleasure, garden, grove
आदान (AdAna) summer - receiving
आहार (AhAra) diet
आमलकी (AmalakI) Indian gooseberry tree - Phyllanthus emblica
आर्द्रक (Ardraka) fresh ginger root - Zingiber officinale, also as शृङ्गवेर (zRGavera) - शृङ्ग (zRGga) horn + वेर (vera) body; शुण्ठी (zuNTI) dried ginger
आयुर्वेद (Ayurveda) life science
आम (Ama) metabolic toxin, uncooked
आम्र (Amra) mango tree - Mangifera indica
आकाश (AkAza) space
आत्रेय (Atreya) Punarvasu, 6th BCE rishi and Ayurvedic scholar
आत्मन् (Atman) essential self; सूत्रात्मन् (sUtrAtman) the self consisting of channels; अध्यात्म (adhyAtma) supreme self; महात्मन् (mahAtman) great soul
आत्मविद्या (AtmavidyA) self knowledge
आत्मगुप्ता (AtmaguptA) Atmagupta bean or secret self - Mucuna pruriens
आत्मबोध (Atmabodha) self realization
आत्म अनुभूति (Atma anubhUti) - experience of infinity
आश्रम (Azrama) one of four life stages: रह्मचर्य (brahmacarya) student; गृहस्थ (gRhastha) householder; वनप्रस्थ (vanaprastha) forest dweller; सन्यास(sanyAsa) renunciate
आनन्द (Ananda) bliss; आनन्दबालासन (AnandabAlasana) blissful baby pose
इ (i)
इतिहास (itihAsa) history, chronicle, traditional account of former events
इच्छा (iccha) will
इष्ट (iSTa) loved, desired
इडा (iDA) lunar nadi
इन्द्र (indra) Lord of the sky and atmosphere
इन्द्रिय (indriya) sense organ
ई (I)
ईश्वर (Izvara) God; ईश्वरी (IzvarI) Goddess; योगेश्वर (yogezvara) Lord of Yoga, Krishna
उ (u)
उड्डियान (uDDiyAna) flying soaring + बन्ध (bandha) lock = abdominal lock; उ (u) a particle implying assent, calling, command + डी (DI) to fly
उत्पल (utpala) bursting; blossom of the blue water lily
उत्तरायण - uttarAyaNa - summer (northern) solstice
उज्जायी - ujjAyi - deep voiced breathing
उत्थान पादासन (utthAna) raising or stretching of the foot posture; उत्थान rising + पादासन foot posture
उपप्लव (upaplava) misery, misfortune
उन्मनी (unmanI) mindless; उन्मनी मुद्रा (unmanI mudra) mindless mudra; उन्मनी अवस्था (unmanI avasthA) state of mindlessness
उष्ण (uSNa) hot, pungent
उद्धूलन (uddhUlana) Ayurvedic treatment of sprinkling with powder
उपगुरु (upaguru) teacher, as distinct from the सद्गुरु (sadguru) true guru
उलूक (ulUka) owl
उच्चार (uccAra) utterance of mantra
उपनिषद् (upaniSad) Upanishad: canon of 108 scriptures in the मुक्तिका (muktikA) canon; etymology: उप (upa) above, निषद् (niSad) sit down
उपासना (upAsanA) sitting near, intent or engaged in, concentration
उपवेद (upaveda) the four supplemental Vedas: आयुर्वेद (Ayurveda) healing arts; धनुर्वेद (dhanurveda) martial arts; स्थापत्यवेद (sthApatyaveda) geomancy; गान्धर्ववेद (gAndharvaveda) fine arts
ऊ (U)
ऊर्ध्वरेतस् (Urdhvaretas) keeping the semen above, sexual sublimation as in vajroli mudra; ऊर्ध्व (Urdhva) upward + रेतस् (retas) seed, sperm, flow of semen
ऊर्वङ्ग (UrvaGga) fungus
ए (e)
एला (elA) cardamon herb, seed - Elettaria cardamomum
एकः (ekaH) one; एकाग्र (ekAgra) one pointed; एकाग्रता (ekAgratA) one-pointed meditation; एकाग्रचित्त (ekAgracitta)
ओ (o)
ओजस् (ojas) vitality
औ (au)
औषध (auSadha) medicine, herb, mineral; औषधालय (auSadhAlaya) dispensary, apothecary
ऋ (R)
ऋतु (Rtu) season; ऋतुचर्या (Rtucarya) seasonal dietary regime
ऋषि (RSi) seer, sage; ऋषिकुल्या (RSikulyA) river of the seers
ॠ (RRii)
ॠ (RR) mother of the gods, breast
ऌ (IRi)
ऌ (IR) earth, mother of the gods, the female nature
ॡ (IRRii)
ॡ (IRR) mother, divine female
क (ka)
कदम्ब (kadamba) tree mentioned in Krishna lore - Neolamarkia cadamba
कृपा (kRipA) grace
कैलास (kelAsa) sacred mountain, home of Lord Shiva in wester tibet, source of sacred rivers, meaning crystal, var. कैलाश (kailASa)
केवल (kevala) alone, pure; केवल कुम्भक (kevala kumbhaka) suspension of breath at will …
कन्द (kanda) bulbous root; in the subtle body, it is the source of nadis, twelve inches high and four inches wide, between muladhara and manipura chakras
कूर्म (kUrma) turtle
कल्पवृक्ष (kalpavRkSa) tree of life or world tree
कपाल (kapAla) skull
कुटी (kuTI) hut, cabin
कुटुम्ब (kuTumba) family, progeny race, relation
खवैगुण्य (khavaigunya) place of inherent weakness or vulnerability; ख (kha) cave; वैगुण्य (vaigunya) imperfection, fault
क्षिप्तचित्त (kiSiptacitta) scattered mind; विक्षिप्तचित्त vikSiptacitta - partially scattered mind
कैवल्य (kaivalya) isolation, detachment form karmic influences, ultimate goal of yoga
कृषि (kRSi) agriculture, plowing
क्षेत्र (KSetra) field, arena, body; क्षेत्रं (kSetram) the cakra’s corresponding point on the front of the body
कमलासन (kamalAsana) having a lotus as a seat
कथयति (kathayati) to speak, inform, announce, declare
किल्बिष (kilbiSa) fault, sin
कौसल (kauzala) skill, well being, health, prosperity ease
क्रिया योग (kriyA yoga) kriya yoga
कृमि (kRmi) worm, parasite
कुल (kula) lineage, community
काशि (kAzI) city of Benares or Varanasi, light
कायाकल्प (kAyakalpa) a rejuvenation practice; काय (kAya) body + कल्प (kalpa) practice, ritual; day of Brahman (i.e. 4,320, 000,000 years)
कमण्डलु (kamanDalu) gourd, water pot, canteen
कौपीन (kaupIna) loincloth
केन्द्र (kendra) center
कृति (kRti) creation
काल (kAla) era, time; काले (kAle) timely - indeclinable
कस्तूरी (kastUrI) musk
कुट्टिमदारु (kuTTimadAru) maple tree - Acer species
कर्पूर (karpUra) camphor tree - Cinnamomum camphora
कीर्तिन (kIrtina) chanting
काक (kAka) crow
कुष्माण्ड (kuSmANDa) wintermelon
क्षय (kSaya) energy depletion; loss of शुक्र (zukra) sexual fluids
कामचारिन् (kAmacArin) indulging in sensual pleasure
काय (KAya) body
कायचिकित्सा (KAyacikitsA) internal medicine
कवल (kavala) gargle, oil pulling
कर्म (karma) action
कोष (koSa) sheath of body and mind realm of experience
क्लेश (kleza) pain, affliction, grief
कम्पवात (kampavAta) tremor wind, Parkinson’s Disease
कुम्भक (kumbhaka) breath retention
कवि (kavi) poet, काव्य (kavya) poetry
कुण्ड (kuNDa) pot, pitcher, spring, well, pit, basin; कुण्डल (kuNDala) rope, velvet bean; कुण्डलिन् (kuNDalin) snake, peacock; कुण्डलिनी (kuNDalinI) coiled one
क्षत्रिय (kSatriya) member of the warrior or ruling class
काहू (kAhU) lettuce plant - Lactuca sativa or virosa in western Himalayas
काष्ठमन्डप (kAStha-mandap) = wood-shelter - pagoda that was namesake of Modern Kathmandu
क्षीर (kSIra) tree latex or sap
ख (kha)
ख (kha) cave, cavity, space, ether
खण्ड (khaNDa) volume, section
खग (khaga) moving in the air, sun name, bird, wind
खवैगुण्य (khavaiguNya) space or place of weakness in the body, from: ख (kha) space + वैगुण्य (vaiguNya) fault or weakness
खेचरी मुद्रा (khecharI mudrA) flying through the air - or tip of tongue on roof of mouth
खिचडी (khicaDI) kitchari rice and dal dish
ग (ga)
गरुड (garuDa) eagle; Vishnu’s mount and vehicle for travel
गन्धर्व (gandharva) male nature spirits, husbands of अप्सरस् (apsaras)
ग्रन्थि (granthi) knot, tumor, node, difficulty
गान्धर्व (gAndharva) music
गर्भ (garbha) foetus, egg, womb
गृह (gRha) home, house
गिर (gira) speech, utterance
गति (gati) movement or spike of the pulse; goal, path
गुड (guDa) jaggery, sugar
गुग्गुलु - (guggulu) guggulu tree & resin - Commiphora mukul or wrightii गुग्गुलु (guggulu) Comiphora wightii; गुग्गुलुक (gugguluka) one who deals in the guggulu resin
गरिमन् (gariman) super human power to become heavy or stable
गुलिका (gulikA) medicine ball, pill
गीत (gIta) song
गृहस्थ (gRhastha) householder, the second stage or आश्रम (Azrama) of life
गङ्गा (gaGgA) Ganges River; गङ्गाजल (gaGgAjala) holy water
गुण (guNa) quality; सगुण (saguNa) and निर्गुण (nirguNa) उपासन (upAsana) homage - honoring a god in a form and as formless
गुरु (guru) teacher
गौरी (gauri) white, Shiva’s wife Parvati
गरम मसाला (garam masAlA - Hindi) hot mixture seasoning
गन्ध (gandha) scent, smell
गजः (gaja) elephant
घ (gha)
गन्ध (gandha) perfume, scent
घट्ट (ghatta) steps to a river, landing-place, quay
घृत (ghRta) ghee
घ्राण (ghrANa) nose, smelling
ङ (Ga)
ङ (Ga) and object of sense desire
च (ca)
चर्य (carya) activity
चूडा (cUDA) top of head - sahasrara region
चङ्क्रमण (caGkramaNa) walking, sauntering, walking; a meditational promenade; चङ्क्रमित (caGkramita) wanderer
चुल्लिका (cullikA) stove
चञ्चलता (caJcalata) unsteadiness - of the mind represented by deer in shiva’s hand
चरित्र (caritra) character, conduct, behavior, exploits
चक्षु (cakSu) eye
चिन्ता (cintA) thought, concern, consideration, meditation
चेल (cela) servant, slave
चेतना (cetanA) consciousness, soul, mind
चित्त (citta) thought, memory, immagination
चिकित्सा (cikitsa) therapy or treatment
चैत्य (chaitya) temple, hall, tree or place of worship
चन्दन (candana) Indian sandalwood tree - Santalum album
चर (cara) animated, अचर (acara) inanimated; चरक (caraka) wanderer; physician and compiler of Charaka Samhita
चक्र (cakra) body’s energy center, wheel, riverbend
चन्द्र (candra) moon
चिदानन्द (cidAnanda) thoughtful joy
चूर्ण (cUrNa) medicinal herbal powder
च्यवनप्राश (cyavanprAz) chyawanprash - herbal restorative formula
छ (cha)
छिन्मुद्र (chinamudra) chin mudra
छन्दस् (chandas) sacred hymn, collection of Vedic hymns or Vedic meter in general
छाया (chAyA) shadow; chayopasana - shadow gazing practice
ज (ja)
जाम्बवान् (jAmbavAna) friend of Rama and king of the bears in the Ramayana
जटायु (jaTayu) vulture who tried to rescue Sita fro Ravana; guggul tree resin
जगदम्बा (jagadambA) mother of the world or universe
जङ्गल (jaGgala) desert
ज्ञान (jJAna) knowledge; अज्ञान (ajJAna) ignorance; ज्ञानमुद्रा (JjAnamudrA) gyan mudra
जरा (jarA) old age, decrepitude, wasting
जय (jaya) victory
जगत् (jagat) world, cosmos, universe; जगदगुरु (jagadguru) teacher to the entire world
जठर (jathara) abdomen
जाति (jAti) caste, class, genus
जगती (jagatI) Vedic meter of four verses with twelve syllables each
जीवनीय (jIvanIya) vitalizer, as an herbal action
ज्योति (jyoti) light
जन्म (janma) birth; पुनर्जन्म (punarjanma) rebirth, reincarnation; अज (aja) unborn
जननी (jananI) mother
जल (jala) water
जाग्रत् - (jAgrat) waking, awakened
जिह्व (jiva) tongue, taste
झ (jha)
झलि (jhali) betel nut tree - Areca catechu; often used by wrapping in पर्ण (parNa) betel leaf - Piper betle
झिल्ली (jhillI) cricket
ञ (Ja)
ञ (Ja) heretic
ट (Ta)
टु (Tu) one who can change his shape at will
ठ (Tha)
ठ (Tha) disc of the sun or moon
ड (Da)
डाकिनी (DAkinI) female imp attending Kali
ढ (Dha)
ढक्का (DhakkA) drum
ण (Na)
ण (Na) Knowledge, Shiva, negation sound, water-summer house
त (ta)
त्रिवेणी (triveNI) त्रिवेणी triple braid; confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna and Saraswati Rivers at Allahabad
त्रिशूल (triZUla) trident
तूत (tUta) Asian white mulberry, Morus alba
तालिसादी चूर्ण (tAlisAdI cUrNa) Ayurvedic formula for respiratory and digestive formula featuring bamboo mana
तालीशपत्त्र (tAlIzapattra) Himalayan fir or Indian Sivertree - Abies webbiana
तानपूरा (tAnpUrA) stringed instrument of accompaniment producing the अधर स्वर (adhara svara) or base note
त्रिवेणी (triveNI) triple-braided; त्रिवेणी सङ्ग (triveNI saGga) confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati Rivers at Allahabad
त्याग (tyAga) abandonment, resignation, renunciation, sage
तोय (toya) water; तोयफला (toyaphalA) watermellon; तोयगर्भ (toyagarbha) coconut
तुरीय (turIya) the fourth state of pure conscious in the Advaita Vedanta tradition
तिलक (tilaka) mark on forehead
तगर (tagara) the herb Valerian root - Valeriana wallichii
तन्त्र (tantra) esoteric traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism; text, theory, system, method, instrument, technique or practice
तिल (tila) the plant sesame - Sesamum indicum; तैल (taila) oil
तपस् (tapas) discipline, asceticism
तुलसी (tulasI) the herb holy basil - Ocimum sanctum
तेजस् (tejas) fire
तत्त्व (tattva) essence, element, true nature
तत्त्वविद् (tattvavid) - philosopher, one who studies the elements; तत्त्वविद्या (tattvavidyA) philosophy
तथागत (tathAgata) the Buddha
तीर्थ (tIrtha) sacred place, ford, bank next to sacred stream, vulva
तमस् (tamas) darkness
त्रिफला (triphalA) herbal digestive formula of three tree fruits आमलकी (AmalakI) Phyllanthus emblica; विभितक (bibhitaki) Terminalia belerica; हरीतकी (harItakI) Terminalia chebula
त्राटक (trATaka) concentration on one object
तीक्ष्ण (tIkSNa) a guna or quality that is sharp, penetrating, pungent, acrid, aromatic
थ (tha)
थ (tha) mountain
थान्का (thanka) thanka - in Neplali, Tibetan painting of deity or mandala
द (da)
दशावतार, (dazAvatAra) the ten primary avatars of Vishnu
दैत्य (daitya) a clan or race of Asura demons
दक्षिण (dakSinNa) right
द्यो (dyo) sky, heaven; द्यौस् पिता (dyauspitA) father sky
द्रव (drava) liquid, flowing
दृष्टि (dRSTi) seeing, gazing, focued attention, intuition; समदृष्टि (samadRSTi) looking on all with impartiality
देहभृत् (dehabhRt) embodied
दार (dAra) wife
दोष (doSa) fault, deficiency, weak point, blemish, humoral imbalance; त्रिदोषोपदेशः (tridoSopadezah); उपदेश (upadeza) theory, teaching, explanation, illucidation
दमनक (damanaka) the herb mugwort - Artemisia indica?
दानव (dAnava) demons
दम (dama) self restraint
दान (dAna) charity
दत्तात्रेय (dattatreya) Dattatreya - the adi-guru of the Nath yoga tradition, and considered an avatar
द्विजा (dvIjA) twice born
दिगम्बर (digambara) sky-clothed, naked mendicant
द्वार (dvAra) door, opening; नवद्वार (navadvAra) nine gated, nine apertures of the body
दुःख (duHkha) suffering, sorrow, distress; opposite of सुख (sukha) happiness; दुः means clogged & सु means open or clear
द्राव्य (dravya) substance, cognate of english drug; द्रव्यगुण (dravyaguNa) pharmacology
दारुसिता (dArusitA) cinnamon tree - Cinnamomum verum, or cassia, or tamale
दण्ड (daNDa) stick, cane, staff; दण्डासन (daNDAsana) staff pose
देवदारु (devadAru) Himalayan Cedar tree - Cedrus deodara
दिनचर्या (dinacarya) daily routine
देव (deva) god; देवता (devatA) and (देवी) goddess; अधिदैव (adhidhaiva) supreme god
देवनागरी (devanAgarI) divine city script
दीपक - (dIpaka) lamp
दीपन (dIpan) digestive stimulant
दीक्षा (dIkSA) initiation
दही (dahI) yogurt, curds - Hindi
देह (deha) body, mass, form; देह-मानस (deha-mAnasa) body-mind or psychosomatic
ध (dha)
ध्रुवस्थाली - (dhruvasthAlI)
ध्वनि (dhvAni) sound
धत्तूर (dhattUra) Datura metel, white datura - (धौत white + तूरी thornapple)?
धूनी (dhUnI) sacred fire
धनुर्धर (dhanurdhara) archer; धनु (dhanu) bow
धाम (dhama) abode
धौति (dhauti) loin cloth worn by men; internal cleansing technique and one of the shatkarmas
धातु (dhAtu) constituent, element, tissue
ध्रुव (dhruva) polar star
धर्म (dharma) duty, law, custom, practice, nature; धर्मता (dharmata) essence;
धन्वन्तरि (dhanvantari) the one who received Ayurveda from Indra
ध्यान (dhyAna) meditation
न (na)
निलय (nilaya) abode, den, resting or hiding place
नित्य (nitya) eternal, constant; नित्यानन्द (nityAnanda) eternal joy, bliss
नर्तन (nartana) dancer, dancing
निर्माणकाय (nirmANaKaya) transformed body
निरुद्ध (niruddha) restricted; in meditation fully arrested vritti or distraction in the final state of meditation, निर्बीज (nirbIja) without seed
निरञ्जन (niraJjana) pure, spotless, simple
निर्मम (nirmama) unselfish
नामन् (nAman) name
नर (nara) man
नस्या (nasyA) nose; नसिकाग्र मुद्रा (nasikAgra mudrA) focusing on the tip of the nose; नासाग्र दृष्टि ( nAsAgra dRSTi) gazing at tip of nose
निर्विकल्प (nirvikalpa) without distinction, nondual
निराकार (nIrAkAra) formless
निवृत्ति (nivRtti) cessation, involution as opposed to प्रवृत्ति (pravRtti) action, evolution as a मार्ग (mArga) path; अप्रवृत्ति (apravRitti) inertia, inaction, constipation
नायिका (nAyikA) female tantrik partner; नायक (nAyaka) male tantrik partner
निर्गुण्डी (nirguNDI) herb Vitex negundo
नेत्र (netra) eye
नाथ (nAtha) lord, master, a tradition, the natha sector sampradaAya
निद्रा (nidrA) sleep
निर्वाण (nirvANa) final liberation, cessation; ब्रह्मनिर्वाण (brahmanirvANa) absorption into Brahma
नेती (netI) drawing string or water through nostril
नाग (nAga) cobra, snake
नाद (nAda) sound; नाद सञ्चलन (nAda saJcalana) sound rotation, name of third kriya
नाभि (nAbhi) navel
नायिका (nAyikA) tantrik consort
नरक (naraka) hell
नारायण (nArAyaNa) Name of Krishna; Vishnu; a medicinal churna
नम्र (namra) willow tree - Salix species; bowed, humble, inclined - Hindi
नद (nada) river
नदी (nadI) creek, pulse
नाडी (nADI) subtle energy channel
नान्द (nAnda) joy
नियम (niyama) precept, rule
निरोध (nirodha) restraint of वृत्ति (vRtti) fluctuations
नटराजासन (naTarAjAsana) Lord of the Dance pose
नेवार (newAr) - historic residents of Kathmandu Valley
प (pa)
प्रारब्ध (prArabdha) the karma of present life that has to be worked out that we have no control over
पर्णशवरी (pArNaZavarI) Buddhist deity of diseases, worship of which is believed to offer effective protection against out-breaks of epidemics
Mantra: ॐ पिशाची पर्णशवरी सर्वोपप्रशमनी स्वाहा - Om pizAcI pArNazavarI sarvopaprazamanI svAhA
पुनर्नवा (punarnavA) - पुनर् (punar) once again + नव (nava) new; Ayurvedic medicinal herb hogweed, spiderling - Boerhavia diffusa (erecta in N.C.)
नारद (nArada) Vedic sage and storyteller
पर्व (Parva) section, part of a book
पुनर्जन्म (punarjanma) rebirth, reincarnation; पुनर्भव (punarbhava) rebecoming
पुराण (purAna) genre of Indian of literature consisting of traditional lore
प्रश्नोत्तर (praznottara) question and answer catechism
पश्यन्ति (pazyanti) seeing in meditation what others cannot see externally
प्रस्थ (prastha) dwelling
पथ (patha) path, way
पण्डित (paNDita) scholar, learned, cleaver
प्रवृत्ति (pravRitti) attachment, inclination, action or predilection, as opposed to: निवृत्ति (nivRitti) inaction, detachment, cessation
प्रत्यक्ष (pratyakSa) direct perception; यक्ष (yakSa) spirit or ghost
पञ्चमकार (pancamakAra) five components or M’s मकार (makAra) of left-handed tantra - madya, mamsa, masya, mudra, maithuna wine, meat, fish, mudra, ritual sex
मकार (makAra) letter or sound of the letter M
पवन (pavan or pawan) breath, wind, air; name of fourth kriya पवन सञ्चलन (pawan saJcalana) rotation of breath
प्रश्न (prazna) inquiry, questioning
पित्तल (pittala) that which increases fire element; billious
परिवृत्ति (parivRitti) twist, roll; परिवरत (parivarta) revolve, twist
प्रणाम (praNAma) prostration
परिव्राजक (parivrAjaka) wandering spiritual person
प्रलय (pralaya) dissolution, cessation, armageddon; लय (laya) dissolution, type of Tantirc yoga
प्रवृद्धि (pravRddhi) growth, increase, rise, dominance; विवृद्धि (vivRddhi) growth, increase, rise, dominance
प्रमाद (pramAda) negligence
प्रकाश (prakAza) open, shining, manifest; अप्रकाश (aprakAza) hidden, unenlightening, dark
प्रिय (priya) beloved, dear
प्रसाद (prasAda) mercy, grace, free gift
प्रभा (prabhA) splendor, radiance, light variously personified
प्रावृष् (prAvRS) rains, monsoon
पत्त्र (patra) leaf of tree, wing of bird, paper; गुह्यपत्त्र (guhyapattra) having hidden leaves or blossoms - Bodhi tree - Ficus religiosa
परीक्षा (parIkSa) physical examination
प्रसाद (prasAda) food ritually offered to a deity that is usually then eaten
पूर्ण (pUrna) state of completeness, whole
परिक्रम (parikrama) circumambulation
पञ्चवटी (paJcavaTi) Rama’s grove of five sacred trees - banyan, bael, amalaki, ashoka and peepal
पण्ठन् (paNThan) path
प्रयाग (prayAga) place of sacrifice
पादुक (Paduka) sandal; पादुकाहीनम् (pAdukAhInam) barefoot
पनस (panasa) jackfruit tree - Artocarpus heterophyllus
प्रसन्न (prasanna) happy, clear, content serene, well being, balanced emotional and physical health
पतञ्जलि (pataJjali) Patanjali - author of the Yoga Sutras
पीलु (pIlu) atom
पायु (pAyu) anus
उपस्थ (upastha) penis, पायूपस्थ (PAyupastha) anus and organs of generation
पाणि (pAni) hand
पुदीना (pudInA) peppermint or mint plant - Mentha balsamea
परम (parama) highest, absolute; परमात्मन् (paramAtman) the Great Spirit
परार्थना (prArthanA) prayer, petition
प्रार्थनाचक्रम् (prArthanAcakram) prayer wheel
प्रणव (praNava) sacred Om sound or symbol; meaning strong, powerful
पूष (pUS) to nourish
प्राकृत (prAkRita) vulgar, vernacular, common
पुरुष (puruSa) transcendental self, a person - English cognate
पूजा (pUjA) veneration; from combining first two letters of पूर्ण (pUrNa) जाग्रत् (jAgrat) - complete awakening
पद्म (padma) sacred lotus plant - Nelumbo nucifera
पशुपति (pazupati) lord of the animals, पशु (paZu) Lord Shiva, पति (pati) animals
पर्ण (parNa) leaf
पुष्प (puSpa) flower
प्रकृति (prakRti) nature, constitution, equilibrium
पद्मक (padmaka) Himalayan wild cherry tree - Prunus cerasoides
पारम्पर (pArampara) tradition, lineage
पाप (pApa) evil deed, as opposed to punya - merit
पुण्य (punya) meritorious act, merit, virtue
प्राञ्जलि (prAJjali) outstretched hollowed open hands
पिङ्गल (piGgala) solar nadi
पाद (pAda) chapter, one line of a four lined verse; foot
प्रातिभ (praAtibha) divination siddhi, intuition
पदाधीरासन (padAdhIrAsana) swara balancing pose
पूरक (pUraka) inhalation
प्रयाग (prayAga) place of sacrifice, river confluence
पक्ष (pakSa) fortnight, half of a lunar month
पूर्णिमा (pUrnimA) day or night of full moon
प्राज्ञा - (prAja) intelligence
प्रेमन् (preman) affection, love
पृथिवी - (pRthivI) earth; पृथिवीमा (pRthivimA) mother earth
पूर्ण - (pUrNa) full, पूर्णकाम (pUrNakAma) - desire filled, satisfied
पितृ (pitR) father
पिङ्गल (piGgala) solar nadi
प्रत्याहार (pratyAhAra) withdrawal, sense deprivation
प्राण (prANa) energy, breath, life force; प्राणायाम (prANAyAma) breath expansion; आयाम (AyAma) expansion; प्राणाचार्य (prANAcArya) physician to the king
प्राणापान (prANApAna) inhalation and exhalation, inspiration and expiration
प्रभाव - (prabhAva) the peculiar affinity of a medicinal herb
फ (pha)
फल (phala) fruit
फाणित (phANita) syrupबद्धकोणासन
ब (ba)
बाणलिङ्ग (bANalinGga) linga stone from the Narmada River
ब्राह्ममुहूर्त (brAhmamuhUrta) dawn
बहिरङ्ग (bahiraGga) external limbs or physical practices of yoga; अन्तरङ्ग (antaraGga) internal limbs or spiritual practices of yoga;
बिन्दु (bindu) dot, spot; शुक्ल (zukla) white male बिन्दु ; रक्त (rakta) red female बिन्दु ; मिश्र (mizra) mixed male and female बिन्दु
बद्धकोणासन (baddhakoNAsana) bound (joined) angle asana
भस्त्रिका (bhastrikA) bellows, a form of pranayama
बज्रकीट् (bajrakIT) Indian pangolin - Manis crassicaudata
बन्धु (bandhu) relative, kin
ब्रह्मपुत्र (brahmaputra) - Brahmaputra River
बद्री (badrI) badri, jujube or Indian date tree - Ziziphus jujuba
बृंहण (brimhana) tonifying, building
बुद्ध (buddha) the Buddha; awakened, enlightened
बुद्धियोग - buddhiyoga - yoga of intuition or higher intellect
बोधि (bodhi) sacred fig tree - Ficus religiosa; wise; अश्वत्थ (azvattha) “horse stays” tree”; पिप्पल (pippala) sacred fig tree
बोध गया (bodh gayA) village of Buddhist pilgrimage in the state of Bihar
बल - (bala) strength; herb - Sida cordifolia
बाल (bAla) boy, simple minded; बालक boy
ब्रह्म (brahma) supreme Spirit
ब्रह्मलोक (brahmaloka) garden on Mt. Meru, also known as सत्यलोक (satyaloka)
ब्राह्मण (brAhmana) top class in Hindu society
ब्रह्मचर्य (brahmacarya) student, the second stage or आश्रम (Azrama) of life
ब्रह्मरन्ध्र (brahmarandhra) opening in the crown of the head; रन्ध्र (randhra) hole, opening
बृहदम्ल (BRihadamla) starfruit tree - Averrhoa carambola
भ (bha)
भूत (bhUta) spirit
भजन (bhajana) worship, sharing
भ्रू (bhrU) brow, eyebrow; भ्रूमध्य (bhrUmadya) area between the eyebrows + दृष्टि (dRSTi) gaze = eyebrow gaze
भेद (bheda) rift, split, distinction, dualism
भिक्षा (bhikSA) alms; भिक्षुक (bhikSuka) begger; Persian بخشش
भृङ्गराज (bhRGgarAja) bhringaraj herb - Eclipta alba
भस्मन् (bhasman) ashes
भैषज्यगुरु (bhaiSajyaguru) medicine guru/Buddha
भक्ति (bhakti) devotion, भक्त (bhakta) devotee
भङ्गा (bhaGgA) herb - Cannabis sativa
भूम्यामलकी (bhUmyAmalakI) herb stonebreaker - Phyllanthus amarus,
भूर्ज (bhUrja) birch tree - Betula species
भगवद् (bhagavad) divine, holy, blessed
भगवद्गीता (bhagavadgItA) kRSHa’s song, Bhagavad-gita
भाषा (bhASA) language
भूमि (bhUmi) earth
भाव (bhAva) state, condition, being, rank, emotion, spontaneous unfoldment; अन्तर्भाव (antarbhAva) inner state, stage; Tibetan bardo
म (ma)
मैत्री (matri) good will benevolence, amity; Pali - मेत्ता (mettA) lovingkindness
मकर संक्रान्ति (makar saGkrAnti) festival to surya, It marks the first day of the sun's transit into Makara (Capricorn), marking the saGkrAnti (passage) of the month of winter solstice
मार्कण्डेय mArkaNDaya) sage in the Mahabharata
मानसरोवर (mAnasarovara) from मानस (mAnasa) mind, imagination + सरोवर (sarovara) lake or pond; sacred lake in Western Tibet, highest in the world, fed by Mt. Kailash glaciers
मायावाद (mAyAvAda) doctrine affirming the world to be an illusion
मनोन्मनी (manonmanI) mind without mind, realizing the collective mind, a state of samadhi
मुहूर्त (muhUrta) 30th part of a day or 48 minutes; jiffy, any short period of time
मनोन्मनी (manonmanI) mind devoid of thought
मारुत (mAruta) vital air; wind
मुख (mukha) face, direction, surface; bahir and antar mukhi - inward and outward faced
मरीचि (marIci) ray of light
मिताहार (mitAhAra) moderate food intake
मुंगेर (munger) city on the Ganges, in the state of बिहार (bihAr)
मदुर (madhura) lovely, sweet
मूढ (mUdha) dull, sleepy, lethargic
मत्स्येन्द्रासन (matsyendrAsana) Lord of the fishes pose or Matsyendra’s pose
मत्स्य (matsya) fish; मत्स्यासन (matzyAsana) fish pose asana
मोहन (mohan) attractive infatuating, name of Krishna, magical charm used to bewilder an enemy
मुहूर्त - (muhUrta) period of time lasting 48 minutes
मति (mati) thought, intuition, deep insight or seeing
माया (mAyA) illusion
मूढ (mUDha) foolish, deluded
मोह (moha) delusion, loss of consciousness, confusion
मकर (makara) crocodile
महाराज (mahArAja) emperor
मेयः (meyaH) measure
मुक्ति (mukti) freedom, liberation
मल (mala) bodily waste; tri-malas: पुरीष (purISa) feces; मूत्र (mUtra) urine; स्वेद (sveda) sweat
मुनि (muni) sage; मौन (mauna) silence
मूर्ति (mUrti) a solid form or representation of a deity or its energy as statue or painting
महिमन् (mahiman) super human power to become large, great
माञ्जिष्ठ (mAJjiSTha) herb Indian madder - Rubia cordifolia
मण्डल (maNDala) cosmic or energetic map of the universe
मार्ग (marga) path of any kind; the two marga or paths of: प्रवृत्ति (pravRtti) outer action & निवृत्ति (nivRtti) inner contemplation
मेथिका (methikA) herb fenugreek - Trigonella foenum
मयूर (mayUra) peacock
मृग (mRga) deer; मार्ग (mArga) adj. - coming from a deer; a path; मार्गिन् mArgin) guide
मण्डूकपर्णी (maNDUkaparni) herb Gotu kola - Centella asiatica; frog-leafed
मेघ (megha) cloud; मेघालय (meghalya) abode of the clouds - forested state in N.E. India
मीर (mIra) ocean
महामेरु (mahAmeru) great Mt. Meru, 350,000 miles high
मेरुदण्ड (merudaNDa) spinal column, axis mundi
महेश्वर (mahezvara) Shiva
मुद्रा (mudrA) sign; महामुद्रा (mahAmudrA) great mudra of kriya
मन्त्र (mantra) incantation
माला (mAlA) rosary, garland
मनस् (manas) mind
मनोरथ (manoratha) wish, desire; chariot of the mind - रथ (ratha) chariot
मङ्गल (maGgala) auspicious, bliss, luck, prosperity, amulet
मञ्जुश्री (maJjuzrI) one of four main Mahayana Bodhisattvas
मानव (mAnava) human being
मानुष्य (mAnuSya) human being, man
मैथुन (maithuna) sexual intercourse, coupling, mating
मुद्ग (mudga) mung dal lentil - Vigna radiata
महाभारतश्रृंखला (mahAbhAratazRGkhalA) Mahabharat or Lesser Himalaya Mountains
मरिच (marica) black pepper herb - Piper nigram
मांस (mamsa) muscle, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) seven body tissues
मेद and मेध (meda) fat, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) seven body tissues; resin, fat, marrow
मज्जा (majja) marrow, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) seven body tissues
मर्मन् (marman) vulnerable energetic point on the body
मातृ (mAtR) mother
य (ya)
यज्ञ (yajJa) devotion, worship
यान (yAna) vehicle; चन्द्रयान (chandrayAna) moon rover
यमुना (yamunA) longest tributary of the Ganges River
यम (yama) or यमराज (yamarAja) is the god of death, the south direction, the underworld and son of Surya
यन्त्र (yantra) machine, support, amulet, mystical diagram
योनि (yoni) vagina, womb
यज्ञ (yajJa) sacrifice; अधियज्ञ (adhiyajJa) chief or basis of sacrifice
यतिन् (yatin) ascetic, devotee
युग (Yuga) age, period of time
योग (yoga) yoga; योगवाही (yogavAhi) herbal carrier or menstruum; योगमुद्रासन (yogamudrAsana) yoga mudra pose;
योग-वासिष्ठ (yoga vAsiStha) Valmiki’s philosophical text, a discourse of Rishi Vasistha to Prince Rama, structured as stories and fables
यवागू (yavAgU) gruel of rice or other grains
यात्रा (yAtrA) journey, pilgrimage, महायात्रा (mahayAtrA) great pilgrimage, यात्रिक (yAtrika) pilgrim, सिद्धियात्रिक (siddhiyAtrika) pilgrim seeking special beatitude
र (ra)
रावण (rAvaNa) King of Lanka in the Ramayana and devotee of Shiva
रक्षस् (rakSas) demon under the rule of rAvaNa
रात्रि (rAtri) night; नवरात्रि (navarAtri) fall equinox festival of nine nights
राज (rAja) king
रूक्ष (rUkSa) astringent, dry
रोग (roga) sickness, disease; आरोग्य (Arogya) and अरोग (aroga) freedom from disease; health
राग (rAga) passion, longing, love, affection, condiment, inflamation, musical note, moon; melodic formula of classical Indian music: वैराग्य (vairAgya) dispassion
रजस् (rajas) passion, the active guna; pollen, sperm
रहस्य (rahasya) secret; hidden mystical doctrine or practice
रेचक (recka) purgation, treatment for excess pitta in intesti
रूप (rUpa) shape, form, likeness
रवि (ravi) sun, mountain
रति (rati) love
रेचक (recaka) exhalation
रस (rasa) plasma, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) body tissues; रसायन (rasAyana) restorative herb or action; रसात्मक (rasAtmaka) one whose essence is juice
रक्त (rakta) blood, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) body tissues
ल (la)
लोचन (locana) eye; लोच (loca) sight
लक्ष्य (lakSya) focus, point of concentration
लालन (lAlana) chakra located on the upper back part of the palate in the mouth that stores amrit, or nectar
लिङ्ग (liGga) representation of Shiva; phallus
लङ्गन (laGghana) reducing or detoxifying
लोक (loka) place, world, realm, community, space, region; लोकसङ्ग्रह (lokasaGraha) maintaining the welfare of place
लघिमन् (laghiman) superhuman power to become light and levitate
लवण (lavaNa) salt
लोभ (lobha) greed, desire, love
लवङ्ग (lavaGga) clove tree and fruit
लक्ष्मी (lakSmI) goddess of wealth
व (va)
विवेक (viveka) discrimination
विकृत (vikRta) altered, changed, vitiated
विष्णुसहस्रनामम् (viznusahasrAnamam) the one thousand names of vishnu, many of which are used for his avatar Krishna
वरुण (varuNa) the god of water, sea and rivers
वाम (vAma) left
वीर्या (vIryA) vitality, sexual energy
विसर्ग (visarga) producer, cause, discharge
विक्षेप (vikSepa) distraction - in meditation, indulgence, scattering of thoughts
वृक्षायुर्वेद: (vRkSAyurveda) tree/plant science
वज्रोली मुद्रा (vajrolI mudrA) - sexual fluids retention mudra for males; सहजोली मुद्रा (sahaJolI mudra) the sexual fluid retention mudra for females
वेपथु (vepathu) tremor, Parkinson’s Disease
रज्ञ (prajJa) wisdom, insight, consciousness
वच (vaca) Acorus calamus root
विभागीय (vibhagIya) sectional, as in sectional breathing pranayama
वंश (vaMza) lineage; हरिवंश (harivaMza) the lineage of Hari or Krishna, an addendum to the Mahabharata
वंशलोचना (vaMzalocanA) bamboo exudate or mana, used in the Ayurvedic formula सितोपलादि चूर्ण (sitopalAdi curna)
विपरीत (viparIta) inverted; विपरीतकरणी (viparItakaraNI) name of first kriya, inverted form
वाम (vAma) left; दक्षिणा (dakSiNA) right
वात (vAta) wind; वातल (vAtala) windy; chickpea; वातघ्न (vAtaghna) that which removes disorders due to excess vata or wind
वसुदेव (vasudeva) Krishna’s father; Krisha; वसु (vasu) wealth, radiance, jewell
वीर (vIra) hero, strong, man, husband, ginger root
व्यास (vyAsa) legendary sage, father of PAnDu, grandfather of Arjuna and compiler of the Vedas, Mahabharata and Bhagavad Gita
वाणिज्या (vANijyA) commerce, trade; वणिज (vaNija) trader, merchant, evolved into Portuguese “banyan”
व्याघ्र (vyAghra) tiger
वृत्ति (vRtti) activity, fluctuations
व्याधि (vyAdhi) disease, illness, disorder
वक्त्र (vaktra) face, mouth
वर्ण (varNa) color, caste, class, species; वर्णाश्रम (varNAzrama) caste and order
व्यय (vyaya) dissolution, passing away, decay; अव्यय (avyaya) eternal, imperishable
वज्र (vajra) thunderbolt, diamond; वज्रासन (vajrAsana) the diamond seated meditation pose
वर्ष (varSa) rain
वैराग्य (vairagya) aversion to worldly matters and affairs
वस्ति (vasti) pronounced “basti”; enema, treatment for excess vata in the colon
वामिन् (vAmin) vomiting, treatment for excess kapha
वीणा (vINA) lute
वेदाङ्ग (vedAGga) one of the six auxilliary Vedic sciences - phonetics, meter, grammar, etymology, ritual, astrology
विमान (vimAna) sky chariot
विश्वनाथ (vizvanAth) Lord of the universe
वासक (vAsaka) Malabar Nut herb - Justicia adhatoda
विद्यार्थि (vidyArthi) student, seeker of knowledge - student’s last name at DSA
विकृति (vikRti) imbalance, deficiency or excess, which moves towards प्रकृति (prakRti) equilibrium, balance, constitution
विकार (vikAra) disorder, illness, disease, disequilibrium
विपश्यन (vipashyana) clear seeing, as in second stage of meditation after शमथ (zamatha)
वट (vaTa) Banyan tree - Ficus benghalensis
विरेचन (virecana) laxative
विहार (vihAr) recreation, diversion, pastime
वाच् (vAc) voice, speech
विभीदक (vibhIdaka) also विभितक, विभीतक beleric, Terminalia bellirica
वेद (veda) knowledge; वेदान्त (vedanta) complete knowledge or the end of the Vedas and one of six orthodox schools of Hinduism
वेदाङ्ग (vedaGga) limb of Vedas: ज्योतिष (jyotiS) astrology; कल्प (kalpa) ritual; शिक्षा (zikSa) pronunciation; व्याकरण (vyAkaraNa) grammer; निरुक्त (nirukta) etymology; छन्दस् (chandas) meter
वाजीकरण (vAjIkaraNa) aphrodisiac
व्यवाय (vayavAya) sexual intercourse
व्यवायवायिन् (vyavAyavAyin) aphrodisiac, lascivious
वनफल (vanaphala) wild fruit, fruit of the forest
वनस्पति (vanaspati) of the forest
विकृति (vikRti) changed condition, vitiated nature
वनप्रस्थ (vanaprastha) forest dweller; प्रस्थ (prastha) dweller; third stage or आश्रम (Azrama) of life
वासना (vAsanA) impression remaining unconsciously in the mind; inclination, desire
वायु (vAyu) wind, पवन (pavana) wind
व्योमन् (vyoman) heaven, sky, air, ether
विचार (vicAra) analysis, examination
विषुवत् (viSuvat) equinox (middle)
वाजीकरण (vAjIkarana) potency causing, aphrodisiac
वैश्य (vaizya) person of second or working class
वैराग्य (vairAgya) unattachment
वर्णमाला (varNamAla) alphabet
विभू (vibhU) universal mind, omniscient; विभूति (vibhUti) - manifestations of might
विपाक (vipAka) post-digestive effect of a medicinal herb
श (za)
शाकुन (zAkuna) omen, augury (root is zAka: 1 - power, aid, 2- pot herb, vegetable)
श्रीवत्स (zrIvatsa) emblem on the chest of Krishna and Vishnu; "beloved of Sri" the goddess Lakshmi and the mark on the chest of Vishnu where his consort Lakshmi resides
श्रीवत्सपिण्याक (zrIvatsapiNyAka) resin of the Himalayan Pine - Pinus Longifolia
शक्र (zakra) powerful, strong; name of Indra
शेषनाग (zeSnAga) cosmic serpent that supports the universe; शेष (zeSa) that which remains
शीत (zIta) cold
श्वास (zvAsa) breath
शुद्धि (zuddhi) cleansing; नाडी शुद्धि (nADI zuddhi) & नाडी शोधन (nADI zodhana) alternate nostril pranayama
शाम्भवी मुद्रा - (zambhavi mudrA) eyes focused between the eyebrows
शिलाजित् (zilAjit) Himalayan medicinal mineral bitumen
श्री (zri) title of respect; splendid, majesty, glory
शरण (zaraNa) refuge, protection
शात्रव (zatrava) enemy
शश (zaza) rabbit, moon
शत (zata) one hundred; शतक (zataka) one hundred
शल्लकी (zallakI) herbal frankincense resin - Boswellia serrata
शङ्का (zaGkA) fear, strife apprehension
शिष्य (ziSya) disciple
शिखा (zikhA) crest or lock of hair over the अधिपति AdhipAti marma
शुभं जन्मदिनम् (zubha janmadinam) happy birthday!
शतावरी (zatAvarI) plant: Shatavari - Asparagus racemosus; from शत (zata) one hundred + वर (vara) husband
शमथ (zamatha) tranquility, calm abiding as first stage of meditation
शालि (zAli) rice; रक्तशालि (raktazAli) red rice
श्रोत्र (zotra) ear, hearing
शुण्ठी (zuNTI) dried ginger
श्येन (zyena) a hawk, falcon, eagle, any bird of prey, especially the eagle that brings soma to humans
शम्भलः (zambhalah) mythical kingdom in Tibetan Buddhist tradition
शिवालिक (zivAlik) tresses of Shiva - sub-Himalayan mountain range
शङ्ख (znGkha) conch
श्रमण (zramaNa) ascetic
शब्द (zabda) sound, voice, word; name of fifth kriya - शब्द सञ्चलन (zabda saJcalana) word rotation
श्रद्धा (zraddhA) faith, belief
शक्ति (zakti) energy; शक्तिपात (zaktipAta) decent of power
शण्ड (zaNDa) thick sour milk, curds
शम्भु (zambhu) beneficent ( another name for Shiva - शिव )
शान्ति (zAnti) peace
शप (zava) corpse
शास्त्र (zAstra) teaching, treatise, sacred book, scripture
शिवाविद्या (zivAvidha) divination by the cries of jackals
शुभ (zubha) auspicious अशुभ (azubha) inauspicious
शून्य (zUnya) emptiness, zero
शूद्र (zUdra) person of the lowest cast
शब्दकोश (zabdakoza) dictionary, from zabda koza, a word treasury
शब्दावलि (zabdAvali) glossary, from zabda avali, a word series
शिरोधरा (zirodharA) - Ayurvedic treatment of oil drip on forehead
शुक्र (zukra) sexual fluids, one of the सप्तधातु (saptadhAtu) body tissues; planet Venus
श्लोक (shloka) verse
ष (Sa)
षटकर्म (SaTkarma) the six hatha yoga purifications of neti, dhauti, nauli, basti, kapAlabhati and trataka
षण्ड (SaNDa) wood, group of trees or plant
षण्मुखी मुद्रा (SanmukhI mudrA) closing the seven gates of the head with the fingers
स (sa)
सञ्चित (saJcita) full, heaped accumulated karma
संध्यावन्दन, (sandhyAvandana) daily ritual recitation by Hindus
सम्यक् (Samyak) correct, exact, true; + दर्शन (darzan) view = सम्यक् दर्शन (samyak darzan) correct or true view
सुदर्शन चक्र (sudarzana chakra) disk of auspicious vision carried by Vishnu
स्तोत्र (stotra) hymn of praise
श्रीनिधि (zrInidhi) receptacle of beauty; श्री (zrI) beauty + निधि (nidhi) receptacle
स्वयंवर (svayamavara) marriage where the bride choses her mate
सनत् कुमार (sanat kumAra) “eternal youth,” a Rishi mentioned in the Chandogya Upanishad; son of Brahma, progenitor of mankind
समापत्ति (samApatti) complete absorption of the mind preceding samadhi
स्वयम्भू (svayambhU) self existent, independent
सहजोली मुद्रा (sahaJolI mudra) the sexual fluid retention mudra for females
सहित (sahita) joined, together
साक्षिन् (sAkSin) witness
सन्ध्या (sandhyA) sunset, evening, twilight, the crack between the worlds
सुन्दरकाण्ड (sundarakANDa) fifth book of the Ramayana about Hanuman’s journey to Lanka; काण्ड (kANDa) passage, trunk
सामुद्रिक (sAmudrika) palm reading
साक्षात् (sAkSAt) in person, embodied, manifestation
सन्तोष (santoSa) contentment
सञ्चलन (saJcalana) rotation, oscillation, agitation; name of third kriya नाद सञ्चलन (nAda saJcalana) sound rotation
सालम्बमत्स्यासन (sAlambamatsyAsana) suupported fish pose
सेतुबन्धासन (setubandhAsana) bridge pose
सुखासन (sukhAsana) happy pose
संधिवात (saMdhivAta) osteoarthritis
सालम्ब (sAlamba) supported - adj.;
सुनयन (sunayana) deer, beautiful eyed; सारनाथ (sAranAth) town near Varanasi, Deer park - place of Buddha’s enlightenment
साधना (sAdhana) diligent practice; साधक (sAdhaka) adept, practitioner
सरस्वती (sarasvatI) goddess of knowledge, music, art & learning; from सुरस-वति (surasa + vati) pooling water + possesser
सरस्वती नदी (sarasvatI nadI) metaphysical river in confluence with the Ganga and the Yamuna rivers
सञ्चलन (saJcAlana) agitation, trembling, shaking, pulsing; नाडी सञ्चलन (nADI saJcAlana) a form of rapid breathing pranayama
स्वाद (svAda) taste
स्वप्न (svapna) subconscious or dreaming state of awareness
सुषुप्ति (suSupti) deep sleep or unconscious state of awareness
स्वर (svara) vowel, sound of breath; स्वरयोग (svarayoga) Swara Yoga; शिव स्वरोदय (ziva swarodaya) Shiva Swarodaya - उदय (udaya) rising
समत्व (samatva) equanimity; सम (sama) equanimity
स्वर्ग (svarga) heaven
सती (satI) good and faithful wife - burning herself on husband’s funeral pyre
समस्त (samasta) total, all
साक्षिन् (sAkSin) witness
स्पृहा (spRha) desire, envy, coveting, aspiration
स्नान (snAna) ritual bathing, ablution; स्नानतीर्थ - (snAnatIrtha) sacred bathing place
साख्य (sAkhya) friendship
सहस्र (sahasra) one thousand; सहस्रार (sahasrAra) crown chakkra
स्रोत्या (srotyA) river
सहज (sahaja) natural, inborn, congenital; सहजज्ञान (sahajajJAna) instinct; सहज-बुद्धि (sahaja-buddhi) instinct
सर्प (sarpa) serpent
साधु (sadhu) virtuous, righteous, holy person
स्नान (snAna) bathing, cleansing, ablution
सुहृद (suhRda) friend, companion
स्तोत्र (stotra) hymn of praise
सङ्ग (saGga) attachment, union, joining, group
संवाद (saMvAd) dialogue, as a way of teaching among the sages and between Arjuna and Krishna
स्वाहा (svAhA) wife of Agni or Shiva, said to her or other deities when making offerings; blessings, so be it, Amen!
सौन्दर्यलहरी (saundaryalaharI) The Beautiful Wave - Tantrik text by Adi Shankara and Pushpadanta
सिन्धुनद (sindhunada) Indus River
साक्षात्कार (sAkSAtkAra) self realization
स्वागतम् (svAgatam) welcome!
सुभाष (subhAS) eloquent; सु (su) good + भाषा (bhASA) speech
स्पन्द (spanda) vibration
साङ्ख्य (saGkhiya) Sankya philosophical system that Yoga and Ayurveda are based on
स्थिर (sthira) steadiness
सम (sama) equal, balanced - sama dosha, sama dhatu, sama agni; अशम (asama) unequal, disquietude
सनातन (sanAtana) eternal, primordial; सनातन धर्म (sanAtana dharma) Vedic religion
स्नेह (sneha) oily
सर्षप (sarSapa) mustard plant & seed - Brassica species
सात्म्य (sAtmya) wholesomeness, agreeable to nature or constitution - from Carak
स्थलजा (sthalajA) licorice plant root - Glycyrrhiza glabra
सैन्धव (saindhava) rock salt; रक्त सैन्धव(rakta saindhava) - red rock salt
सूत्र (sutra) aphorism, verse, thread
सत्य (satya) truth, सत्यकाम (truth loving); सत्याग्रह (satyAgraha) seizing the truth or what Gandhi called civil disobedience; (satyAgrahi) demonstrator
सम्प्रदाय (sampradaAya) lineage, tradition, sect
सूक्ष्म (sUkSma) subtle, सूक्ष्म शरीर (sUkSma zarIrA) subtle or energy body
सोहम (soham) that I am; the sound of breath inhalation and exhalation
सोम (soma) soma plant, nectar, moon, सोमरस (somarasa) juice of soma plant
सिंह - (siMha) lion
स्थितप्रज्ञ (sthitaprajJa) steadiness of mind; स्थित (sthita) being; प्रज्ञ (prajJa) wisdom, knowing
सागवान (sAgawAn) teak tree - Tectona grandis - Nepali
सङ्क्रान्ति (saGkrAti) transference of consciousness at death; Tibetan phowa
स्पर्श (sparza) touch
स्तूप (stUpa) summit, crest, Buddhist monument
सुश्रुत (suzruta) Sushruta 6th century BC physician, compiler of the Sushruta Samhita with focus on surgery
सागर (sAgara) ocean; सागर-मथ्था (sAgar-matthA) ocean-mother, Mt. Everest in Nepali language; `मृत्युसंसारसागरात् (mRtyusaMsArasAgarAt) death ocean of transmigration
स्वस्थता (svasthatA) health
स्वस्थ (svastha) healthy, sound, well; स्व (sva) self + स्थ (stha) place
स्वस्तक (svastaka) having a good or healthy home; स्वस्तिकसन (svastikAsana) auspicious pose
स्वस्थवृत्त (svasthAvRtta) medical treatment of a healthy person
सर्व (sarva) whole, universal, complete; सर्वभूत (sarvabhUta) all beings; सर्वधर्म (sarvadharma) universalism
सर्वे मड्गलं (sarva maGgala) may all be prosperous, well, auspicious
सूत्रस्थान (sUtrasthAna) first general section
सन्यास(sanyAsa) renunciate, the fourth stage or आश्रम (Azrama) of life
सार (sAra) essence, extract, path, creek
सङ्कल्प (saGkalpa) intention
सत्त्व (sattva) goodness, harmonious guna; mind
सन्धि (sandhi) joint, node; संधिगत वात रोग(sandhigata vata) osteoarthritis
सद्गुरु (sadguru) true guru
सुषुम्णा (suSumnA) central nadi
समता (samatA) equinimity
स्वरोदय (swarodaya) स्वर (swara-sound) & उदय (udaya-production)
संहिता (saMhitA) collection of verses or texts
सेवा (seva) practice, service, homage, worship, indulgence, service
संस्कृत (saMskRta) Sanskrit lanuguage
स्व (sva) self, स्वाध्याय (svAdhyaya) self study, स्वभाव (svabhAva), nature, spontaneity, impulse; स्वधर्म (svadharma) personal duty; स्वतन्त्र (svatantra) independence
स्वामी (svAmI) master, owner, lord
संस्कार (saMskAra) mental impression
संसार (saMsAra) transmigration
सिन्दूर (sindUra) oak, सिन्दूरवृक्षः (sindUravRkSa) oak tree
सरल (sarala) pine tree, resin - Pinus species
सत्सङ्ग (satsaGga) community of truth
सिद्ध (siddha) an adept in magic, sorcerer; सिद्धि (siddhi) an attainment; सिद्धासन (siddhAsana) adept’s pose
सिद्धान्त (siddhanta) theory, doctrine, rule, principle, axiom
संसिद्धि (saMsiddhi) perfection, success, beatitude
सूर्योदय (sUryodaya) sunrise; उदय (udaya) - ascent
सूर्यनमस्कार (sUryanamaskAr) sun salutation
स्मृति (smRti) memory
स्निग्ध (snigdha) guna - unctuous, soft, demulcent, oily
ह (ha)
हस्ती (hastI) elephant
होली - Spring equinox festival
हिरण्यगर्भ (hiraNyagarbha) golden primordial cosmic egg
हस्त (hasta) hand
होम (homa) sacrifice or offering; cognate=homage
हृष्यते (hRSyate) to rejoice
हेतु (hetu) primary cause, motive, impulse
हरि (hari) an epithet of Krishna and Vishnu
हेमन्त (hemanta) winter season - releasing
हरीतकी (harItakI) yellow myrobalan - Terminalia chebula
हिङ्गु (hiGgu) Asafoetida plant and resin- Ferula assa-foetida
हिम तेन्दुआ (hima tenduA) snow leopard
ह (ha) moon
हिममानव (himamAnava) yeti, snowman
हंस (haMsa) goose, swan, flamingo
हरिद्रा (haridrA) Turmeric plant & root - Curcuma longa
हृदय (hRdaya) heart, soul, essence
हठयोग (haThayoga) hatha or forced yoga,
हठयोगप्रदीपिका (haThayogapradIpikA) title of classical yoga text, प्रदीप्ति (pradIpti) illumination, light
Vowels[edit]
|
अ |
आ |
इ |
ई |
उ |
ऊ |
ए |
ऐ |
ओ |
औ |
|
a |
A |
i |
I |
u |
U |
e |
ai |
o |
au |
Sonorants[edit]
Anusvāra and visarga[edit]
Consonants[edit]
|
क |
ख |
ग |
घ |
ङ |
Gutteral |
|
k |
kh |
g |
gh |
G |
|
|
च |
छ |
ज |
झ |
ञ |
Soft Palatal |
|
c |
ch |
j |
jh |
J |
|
|
ट |
ठ |
ड |
ढ |
ण |
Hard Palatal |
|
T |
Th |
D |
Dh |
N |
|
|
त |
थ |
द |
ध |
न |
Dental |
|
t |
th |
d |
dh |
n |
|
|
प |
फ |
ब |
भ |
म |
Labial |
|
p |
ph |
b |
bh |
m |
|
|
य |
र |
ल |
व |
|
Semi-vowel |
|
y |
r |
l |
v |
|
|
|
श |
ष |
स |
ह |
|
Fricative |
|
z |
S |
s |
h |
|
|
Harvard-Kyoto system[edit]
The Harvard-Kyoto Convention[1] is a system for transliterating Sanskrit and other languages that use the Devanāgarī script into ASCII.[citation needed] It is predominantly used informally in e-mail, and for electronic texts.[citation needed]
Prior to the Unicode era, the following Harvard-Kyoto scheme[2] was developed for putting a fairly large amount of Sanskrit textual material into machine readable format without the use of diacritics as used in IAST. Instead of diacritics it uses upper case letters. Since it employs both upper and lower case letters in its scheme, proper nouns' first letter capitalization format cannot be followed. Because it is without diacritics, it enables one to input texts with a minimum motion of the fingers on the keyboard. For the consonants, the differences to learn are: compared to IAST, all letters with an underdot are typed as the same letter capitalized; guttural and palatal nasals (ṅ, ñ) as the corresponding upper case voiced plosives (G, J); IAST ḷ, ḻ, ḻh are quite rare; the only transliteration that needs to be remembered is z for ś. The vowels table, the significant difference is for the sonorants and Anusvāra, visarga are capitalized instead of their diacritics. Finally, it is fairly readable with practice.
